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PHYSICIAN'S 

DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK, 

CONTAINING 

THE DOSES AND USES 

OF ALL 

THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA 
MEDICAAND OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS; 

ALSO, 

Table of Weights and Measures. Index of Diseases and Treat- 

Rules to Proportion the Doses of ment. 

Medicines. Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Common Abbreviations used in \ Table of Symptomatology. 

Writing Prescriptions. - Outlines of General Pathology 

Table of Poisons and Antidotes. and Therapeutics. 

BY 

JOSEPH H. WYTHEJ, A. M., M. D., 

LATE SURGEON U.S. VOL'S; AUTHOR 'of " THE ^IICROSCOPIST," 
ETC., ETC. 



ELEVENTH EDITION, 



PHILADELPHIA 
LINDSAY & BLAKIS 

187 4. 







"RM tf 



VV^I 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by 

LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



PRINTED BY SHERMAN <fe CO. 



PREFACE 

TO THE ELEVENTH EDITION. 



HPHE number of copies sold of previous editions 
of this vade mecum prove its utility. The 
present edition has been carefully revised and 
compared with the new U. S. Dispensatory, etc., 
so as to embody the recent additions to the 
Materia Medica, as well as every article likely 
to be useful. 

The endeavor has been to make it a - book 
full of suggestions, as well as to save the trouble 
of reference to more elaborate works. 



in 



DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK 



I. 

TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 

Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains. 

ft> 1 = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 

^ 1 = 8 == 24 = 480 

5 : 1 = 3 = 60 

9 1= 20 



APOTHECARIES' OR WINE MEASURE. 

Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 

Cong. 1 = 8 = 128 = 1024 == 61440 

01 = 16 = 128 = 7680 

f| 1 = 8 = 480 

% 1 = W 60 

The drop of water is about equal to a minim, 60 drops 
being equal to a fluidrachm. It is important, how- 

5 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

ever, to bear in mind that this is by no means the 
case with other fluids ; for example, a minim of the 
tinctures being about equal to two drops, or 120 
drops to the flui drachm. 



DOMESTIC MEASURES. 

A teacup is considered equal to 4 fluidounces. 

A wineglass " " 2 " 

A tablespoon " " £ " 

A teaspoon " " 1 fluidrachm. 



II. 

RULES TO PROPORTION THE DOSES OF MEDICINE. 



In prescribing, the following circumstances should 
always be kept in view : — Age, Sex, Temperament, 
Habit, Climate, the Condition of the Stomach, and 
Idiosyncrasy. 

Age. — For an adult, suppose the dose to be one, or 1 
drachm. Under 1 year will require only l-12th, or 
5 grains. Under 2 years will require only l-8th, 
or 7^ grains. Under 3 years will require only l-6th, 
or 10 grains. Under 4 years will require only l-4th, 
or 15 grains. Under 7 years will require only l-3d, 
or 1 scruple. Under 14 years will require only J, 
or J drachm. Under 20 years will require only 
2-3ds, or 2 scruples. Above 21 years the full dose, 
1 drachm. Above 65, the inverse gradation of the 
above. 

Opiates affect children more powerfully than adults, 
but children bear larger doses of calomel than 
adults. 

Sex. — Women require smaller doses than men ; they 
are more rapidly affected by purgatives than men, 

7 - 



8 RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. 

and the condition of the uterine system must never 
be overlooked. 

Temperament. — Stimulants and purgatives more 
readily affect the sanguine than the phlegmatic, and 
consequently the former require smaller doses. 

Habits. — The knowledge of habits is essential; for 
persons in the habitual use of stimulants and nar- 
cotics, require larger doses to affect them when 
laboring under disease, while those who have habit- 
uated themselves to the use of saline purgatives, are 
more easily affected by these remedies. Persons, 
however, who have habituated themselves to the 
use of opium, do not require larger doses than usual 
of other narcotics. 

Climate. — Medicines act differently on the same in- 
dividual in summer and in winter, and in different 
climates. Narcotics act more powerfully in hot 
than in cold climates, hence smaller doses are re- 
quired in the former; but the reverse is the case 
with regard to calomel. 

Condition of the Stomach, and Idiosyncrasy. — 
The least active remedies operate very violently on 
some individuals, owing to a peculiarity of stomach, 
or rather disposition of body, unconnected with 
temperament. This state can be discovered only 
by accident or time ; but when it is known, it should 
always be attended to. 

In prescribing, the practitioner should always so reg- 
ulate the intervals between the doses, that the next 
dose may be taken before the effect produced by 



RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. 9 

the first is altogether effaced ; for, by not attending 
to this circumstance, the cure is always commencing, 
but never proceeding. It should, however, also be 
kept in mind, that some medicines, such as the 
mercurial salts, arsenic, etc., are apt to accumulate 
in the system ; and danger may thence arise, if the 
doses too rapidly succeed one another. The action 
also of some remedies, elaterium and digitalis, for 
example, continue long after the remedy is left off; 
and therefore much caution is requisite in avoiding 
too powerful an effect, by a repetition of them even 
in diminished doses. Aloes and castor oil acquire 
activity by continued use, so that the dose requires 
to be diminished. 

The following simple rule, given by Dr. Young, will 
be found very useful as a guide in prescribing for 
children. 

For children under 12 years of age, the doses of most 

medicines must be diminished in the proportion of 

the age to the age increased by 12 ; thus at 2 years 

.2 . 

j — viz. = \ : or, in other words, add the 

A ~p \.A 

age to 12, and divide the sum by the age, and the 
product will be the proportion of the dose to that of 
an adult. At 21, the full dose may be given. 



III. 



COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING 
PRESCRIPTIONS. 



Abbreviation. 


Latin. 


English. 


aa 


Ana. 


Of each. 


Ad lib. 


Ad libitum. 


At pleasure. 


Ad saturand. Ad saturandum. 


Until saturated. 


Aq. ferv. 


Aqua fervens. 


Hot water. 


Aq. tepid. 


Aqua tepida. 


Warm water. 


Chart. 


Chartula. 


A small paper. 


Coch. mag. 


Cochlear magnum. 


A tablespoonful. 


Coch. parv. 


Cochlear parvum. 


A teaspoonful. 


Colent. 


Colentur. 


Let them be strained 


Collyr. 


Collyrium. 


An eyewater. 


Contus. 


Contusus. 


Bruised. 


F. vel ft. 


Fiat vel fiant. 


Let them be made. 


Fol. 


Folium vel folia. 


A leaf or leaves. 


Garg. 


Gargarisma. 


A gargle. 


Gtt. 


Gutta vel guttse. 


A drop or drops. 


Haust. 


Haustus. 


A draught. 


Infus. 


Infusis. 


An infusion. 


M. 


Misce. 


Mix. 


Mass. 


Massa. 


A mass. 


Mist. 


Mistura. 


A mixture. 


Pil. 


Pilula vel pilulae. 


A pill or pills. 


Pulv. 


Pulvis vel pulveres 


. A powder or powders 


Q.s. 


Quantum sufficit. 


A sufficient quantity. 


B. 


Eecipe. 


Take. 


Ead. 


Radix. 


A root- 


S. 


Signa. 


Write. 


Ss. 


Semis. 


The half. 


Tinct. 


Tinctura. 


A tincture. 



10 



IV. 

TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



In all cases of poisoning, the first step is to evacuate 
the stomach, which should be effected by one of those 
emetics which is most powerful and speedy in its oper- 
ation, as sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper. When 
vomiting has already taken place, copious draughts of 
warm water or mucilaginous drinks should be given, to 
keep up the effect till the poisoning substance has been 
evacuated. If vomiting cannot be produced, the stom- 
ach-pump must be used. 

Inflammation of the stomach, congestion of the brain, 
and other symptoms, are to be treated on general prin- 
ciples, viz., by bloodletting, cold applications, revulsives, 
cool mucilaginous drinks, milk, lime-water, etc. When 
prostration exists, stimulants should be resorted to, as 
in other cases. 

The following is a list of the usual poisoning sub- 
stances, with the appropriate remedies : 

11 



12 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



Poisons. 

Acids. 



Alkalies and 
their salts. 



Earths. 
Baryta and its 

salts. 
Lime. 

Iodine. 

Iodide of Potas- 
sium. 



Antidotes. 

The Alkalies. Common soap (soft 
or hard) in solution is an efficient 
remedy, and has the advantage of 
being always at hand. It should 
be followed by copious draughts of 
tepid water or flaxseed tea. For 
nitric and oxalic acids, the car- 
bonates of magnesia and lime 
(chalk and water) are the best 
antidotes. When sulphuric acid 
has been taken, the use of much 
water will be improper. 

The Vegetable acids. Common vin- 
egar being always at hand, is most 
frequently used. The fixed oils, 
as castor, flaxseed, almond and 
olive oils, form soaps with the al- 
kalies, and thus, also, destroy their 
caustic effect. They should be 
given in large quantities. 

Epsom or Glauber's Salts,* in solu- 
tion, or diluted sulphuric acid. 
The fixed oils also have the same 
effect as with the alkalies proper 
when not in a compound state. 

Starch, or wheat flour, in large quan- 
tities well mixed with water. For 
Iodide of Potassium, there being 
no antidote, vomiting must be pro' 



I 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



13 



Poisons. 



Antimony and 
its salts. 

Arsenic and its 
compounds. 



Bismuth and its 
compounds. 

Copper and its 
compounds. 



Gold, salts of. 

Iron, salts of. 

Lead, salts of. 

Mercury, salts 
of. 

Silver, salts of. 



Antidotes. — (Continued.) 
moted by copious draughts of warm 
water. 

Astringent Infusions, as of galls, oak 
bark, Peruvian bark, or green tea, 
very strong. 

Hydrated Peroxide of Iron, in table- 
spoonful doses every 5 or 10 min- 
utes. See Ferri Oxidum Hydra- 
tum. 

Freshly precipitated Magnesia, De- 
mulcents, etc. 

Albumen. Copious draughts of milk, 
combined with sweet mucilaginous 
drinks. 

Albumen, as milk or whites of eggs 
in solution, should be freely ad- 
ministered. Vinegar must be 
avoided. 

Sulphate of Iron, with a free use of 
mucilaginous drinks. 

Carbonate of Soda, with mucilagi- 
nous drinks. 

Sulphate of Magnesia (Epsom salts), 
or diluted sulphuric acid. 

Albumen, as whites of eggs, milk, 
or wheat flour beaten up with 
water. 

Common salt (chloride of sodium), 
largely given. 



14 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



Poisons. 

Tin, salts of. 

Zinc, salts of. 



Phosphorus. 
Gases. 



Creasote. 

Alcohol or spirit- 
uous liquors. 



Opium and other 
narcotics. 



Antidotes. — (Continued.) 

Albumen. Whites of eggs, milk, or 
flour. 

Albumen, or carbonate of soda, with 
copious draughts of warm water, 
and especially milk. 

Magnesia with water, and copious 
draughts of mucilaginous drinks. 

Ammonia cautiously inhaled is re- 
commended for chlorine. As- 
phyxia produced by carbonic acid 
or carbonic oxide gases or sulphu- 
retted hydrogen, must be treated 
by copious effusions of cold water, 
especially to the head, bloodlet- 
ting, artificial respiration, stimu- 
lants carefully administered, etc. 

Albumen, or whites of eggs, milk, or 
wheat flour. 

A powerful emetic should be given, 
followed by copious draughts of 
warm water. Congestion of the 
brain and other symptoms, to be 
treated on general principles. 

The chief reliance is to be placed on 
the most active emetics (as tartar 
emetic, sulphate of copper, or sul- 
phate of zinc), and the stomach- 
pump. Emetics are preferable to 
the stomach-pump when the nar- 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



15 



Poisons. Antidotes. — (Continued.) 

cotic has been taken in substance. 
The patient should be kept in mo- 
tion, and cold water dashed on the 
head and shoulders. Bloodletting 
may become necessary to relieve 
congestion. After other remedies 
fail, artificial respiration should be 
resorted to. 

Strong hot coffee, a teacupful alter- 
nately with vinegar and water may 
be useful. 

Electro-magnetism has also been 
efficacious. 
Poisonous Ser- A cupping-glass over the wound, or 
pents. a tight ligature above it; cauter- 

ization of wound. Warm diluent 
drinks and small doses of ammo- 
nia to promote perspiration. 
Whiskey has been given in large 
doses. 

Bibron's antidote is as follows: R. 
Potass. Iodid., gr. iv, Hydrarg. 
chlor. corros., gr. ij, Brominii 
gv. M. 10 drops in a tablespoon- 
ful of wine or brandy, repeated if 
necessary. 



V. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT, 

(After Tanner.) 



Abscess. 

1. Of brain. — Pain, vertigo, paralysis, etc. Treat- 
ment doubtful. 

2. Of external ear. — Pain, swelling, etc. Fomenta- 
tions, etc. 

3. Of tonsil. — Chill, fever, swelling, pain. Open 
towards median line. 

4. Retropharyngeal. — Fever, sore throat, swelling, 
etc. Puncture (Tracheotomy?). 

5. Empyema. — Intercostal bulging, dull percussion, 
no murmur. Sinapism, Iod. Potas., Tapping, etc. 
Tonics. 

6. Hepatic. — Chills, hectic, pain, prostration, etc. 
Tonics. Puncture if parietal adhesion. 

General treatment of abscesses similar. 
If strumous, chemical food (Phosphates of lime, 
iron, soda, and potass., in syrup) and Cod-liver oil. 

Bladder Diseases. 

1. Irritability. — Analyze urine chemically and mi- 

16 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 17 

croscopically, and trace disease to its source. Muci- 
laginous drinks, etc. 

2. Spasm. — Pain, suppression, tenesmus, etc. Hot 
bath, Camphor or poppy fomentations to peri- 
neum, or lotion of Tinct. Aconite, etc. 

3. Paralysis. — Retention, distension, pain, coma. 
Catheter, hip-bath, blisters, etc. 

4. Inflammation. — Catheter, fomentations, baths, 
opium, aconite, mucilages, tonics, etc. If chronic, 
buchu, cubebs, opiate suppositories, etc. 

5. Tumors and calculi. — Chloroform, hot baths, nar- 
cotics, astringents. Analyze urine. Examine 
surgically. Lithotomy. 

Blood Diseases. 

1. Anosmia. — Iron. Chemical food. Tonics. 

2. Chlorosis. — Good food and air, sea bathing. 
Chalybeates. Aloetic aperients. 

3. Hyperemia. — Restricted diet, exercise, salines. 
Liq. potassa, Liq. arsenicalis, Tartar emetic, etc. 

4. Pyazmia (absorption of pus). — Shivering, sweat- 
ing, rapid pulse, diarrhoea, pleurisy, peritonitis, 
etc. Death from prostration. Vapor bath. Qui- 
nine. Sulphites. Tonics. Stimulants. 

5. Acholia (toxaemia from arrest of bile) . — Nervous 
excitement. Typhoid prostration. Coma. Hem- 
orrhage. Sometimes jaundice. Purgatives. Cro- 
ton oil. Hydrochlorate of ammonia. Nitro-hy- 
drochloric acid. 

6. Glucohcemia {Diabetes mellitus). — Symptoms in- 

2 



18 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

sidious, feverishness, debility, excessive flow of 
urine, ends in phthisis, or some low form of in- 
flammation. Test urine for sugar. Diet free 
from starch, etc. Muriated Tinct. Iron, Citrate of 
Ammonia, and iron. Quinine, Pepsin, Aperients. 
Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Yapor bath. Flannel, 
etc. 

7. Uraemia (Toxaemia from absorbed urea). — Dis- 
turbance of nerve-centres. Convulsions. Coma. 
Albuminuria. Suppression of urine. Vapor bath. 
Acid sponging. Saline aperients. Elaterium. 
Croton oil. Enema of castor oil and turpentine. 
Stimulants, etc. 

8. Thrombosis — Embolism (fibrous coagula in blood- 
vessel). — Support the vital powers, and allay irri- 
tability. 

9. Scurvy. — Lemon-juice. Fresh vegetables. Raw 
meat. Citric acid. Iron. Tannin, etc. 

10. Purpura. — Tendency to effusion, petechia, de- 
bility, etc. Treat as for scurvy. 

Bone Diseases. 

1. Caries. — Constitutional disturbance. Deep-seated 
pain. Abscess. Fistulous openings. Probe leads 
to dead bone. Tonics. Iron. Cod-liver oil. 
Chemical food. Eemove dead bone. Inject dilute 
Carbolic acid. 

2. Necrosis (dead bone inclosed in case of new bone, 
necrosis of superficial layer is exfoliation). — Oper- 
ation for removal of sequestrum. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 19 

3. Periostitis. — Pain and tenderness, worse at night. 
Nodes, etc. Calomel and opium. Iodides. Iron. 
Blisters. Belladonna and mercury liniment. In- 
cisions. 

4. Rickets (softening of bone in children). — Animal 
food. Chemical food. Hypophosphite of lime. 
Milk. Cod-liver oil. Salt bath, etc. 

5. Coccyodynia (pain and tenderness of coccyx, often 
very chronic). — Remove uterine or ovarian dis- 
ease. Nerve tonics. Leeches. Hip-baths. Hypo- 
dermic injection of morphia. Subcutaneous sec- 
tion of muscles, or removal of bone. 

Brain Diseases. 

1. Apoplexy. — Care for the predisposition by tem- 
perance, exercise, cold affusion, etc. Bleeding if 
pulse full, hard, and thrilling, but avoid it if ten- 
dency to syncope. Turpentine enema. Pedi- 
luvia, etc. 

2. Hydrocephalus. — Tonic regimen. Cod-liver oil. 
Salt baths. Rhubarb and magnesia. Quinine. 
Iodide of Iron, etc. If fontanelle depressed as in 
spurious hydrocephalus, Chemical food, Raw meat, 
Beef tea, etc. Avoid purges. 

S. Concussion. — Distinguish from compression by 
easy breathing, and natural pupils although in- 
sensible to light. In compression, there is snoring 
and dilated pupil ; in poisoning by opium, etc., 
contracted pupil, livid countenance, etc. Stimu- 
lants till reaction. Cold to head. Croton oil. 
Enema. Rest, etc. 



20 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

4. Coup de solid (sun-stroke). — Faintness, vertigo, 
sickness, coma. Cold to head. Stimulants. 
Sinapisms to extremities. Stimulant enema. Ice 
to spine. Friction. 

5. Meningitis. — Fever, pain, delirium, coma. Calo- 
mel and jalap. Croton oil, etc Iod. Potass. Ice 
to head. Stimulants in collapse. 

6. Chronic Encephalitis (softening, etc.). — Vertigo, 
pain, failure of intellect, delusion, constipation, 
etc. Hygienic measures. Cod-liver oil. Blisters 
behind ears, etc. Analyze urine, lest diabetes, 
etc., be mistaken for it. 

7. Alcoholism. — A degrading vice for which the 
person is responsible. Cured by total abstinence. 
Tonics, as Quinine, Pepsine, etc. In delirium 
tremens, Ammonia, Ether, Valerian, Morphia, 
Hydrate of Chloral. Laxatives, etc. 

8. Insanity (mania, monomania, dementia, or idiocy). — 
Best of mind. Sleep. Attend to functional de- 
rangement. 

9. Headache. — Treat according as it is organic, ple- 
thoric, bilious or nervous. Intermittent hemicrania 
requires Quinine, etc. 

10. Paralysis. — May be general, hemiplegic, para- 
plegic, local, rheumatic, from mercury, from lead, 
shaking palsy, progressive muscular atrophy, or 
progressive locomotor ataxy. Each variety re- 
quires careful study. Most cases need Tonics. 

11. Epilepsy. — In the fit, loosen dress, protect the 
tongue by a cork, etc. Cold affusion to head. In 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 21 

the interval, Bromide of Potassium. Quinine. 
Iron. Zinc. Ice bags to spine, etc. 
12. Aphasia (derangement of speech, often sudden, 
and with no real loss of intellect). — Recovery 
spontaneous if no hemiplegia, otherwise generally 
hopeless. Iod. Potass. 

Female Diseases. 

1. Vulval Disease. — Pruritus often needs general 
treatment and lotions of Acet. Plumbi, Borax, 
Morphia, and Glycerine, etc. Tumors require 
Surgery. Vulvitis needs cleanliness, hip-baths, 
Alum or lead lotions, morphia, etc. Infantile leu- 
corrhoea is often strumous. 

2. Vaginal Disease. — Occlusion, prolapsus, and tu- 
mors require Surgery. Vaginitis is acute or 
chronic. The first needs hot hip-baths, warm in- 
jections, pessaries of oxide of zinc and belladonna, 
or acetate of lead and opium, etc. The chronic 
(leucorrhoea), mineral acids, Quinine, Iron, astrin- 
gent applications, as Tannin, etc., Nit. Silver in 
solution, or Carbolic acid in Glycerine (gr. 10 to 5J). 

3. Uterine Disease. — Cancer, displacements, tumors, 
etc., are surgical. Ulceration of the os needs 
various treatment. Extent, etc., ascertained with 
speculum. Nit. Silver in substance — sometimes 
passed in the neck. Pessaries of Iod. Lead, Bella- 
donna, Tannin, etc. Tonics. — In Menorrhagia, 
ice in vagina or over pubes; injections of Tannin, 
etc. ; Tampon ; Acet. Lead, Opium, Alum, Nut- 



22 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

meg, Cinnamon, Sulph. Acid, etc. — Metritis — 
Repose, low diet, hot hip-baths, Opium and bella- 
donna pessaries, Sinapisms to epigastrium, Ice, etc. 
4. Ovarian Disease. — Dropsical tumor may need 
ovariotomy ; drugs worse than useless. Ovaritis 
treated same as Metritis. If abscess points in 
vagina open with trocar or bistoury. Chronic 
ovaritis is often tedious. Iod. Potass., Bromide of 
Ammonium, Iron, Quinine, etc. 

Fevers. 

1. Continued Fevers. — 1. Simple continued fever — 
indications are to moderate arterial excitement by 
saline laxatives, rest, and diet ; to support the sys- 
tem when it flags ; to obviate local inflammation 
and congestion, and to relieve urgent symptoms as 
they arise. 2. Typhus. Ventilation, disinfectants, 
etc. Tepid sponging. Cold to head. Beef tea. 
Stimulants, etc. Quinine, Iron, and Mineral acids 
during convalescence. 3. Typhoid — term often 
used improperly. Should be restricted to enteric 
fever. Treat similar to Typhus, but avoid aperi- 
ents, and treat diarrhoea with astringents and opium. 
4. Relapsing. Amends on 5th or 7th day and re- 
lapses about 14th. See simple fever. 

2. Intermittent Fevers. — Quinine in the intermission. 
The chief types are Quotidian, Tertian, and Quar- 
tan. 

3. Remittent Fevers. — Treatment same as Intermit- 
tent. In the severest form, or Yellow fever, treat 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 23 

as Typhoid. Avoid Ammonia, and be cautious 
with Alcohol. 
4. Eruptive Fevers. — 1. Roseolae. Sometimes simu- 
lates measles, sometimes scarlatina. Citrate of 
magnesia. Warm baths, etc. 2. Measles. Rash 
in blotches. Catarrh, etc. Milk diet. Castor oil. 
Inunction, etc. Watch pulmonary complications. 
3. Scarlet fever. Acetate and Carbonate of Am- 
monia, Inunction, Stimulants, Tonics, etc. Watch 
sequelae, as ulceration of tonsils, abscess of ear, 
anasarca, Albuminuria, etc. 4. Chicken-pox. 
Eruption of pimples which on second day are 
transparent vesicles, forming scabs on fourth day. 
Pyrexia slight 5. Small-pox. Incubation 12 days, 
then fever and great backache, and in 48 hours an 
eruption of small red pimples which in a week in- 
flame and suppurate. — In simple cases the less 
drugging the better. In cases of depression Qui- 
nine, Stimulants, etc. Vaccination. 

Incubation. ErupUon. Fading. 

Measles 10-14 days. 4th day. 7th day of fever. 
Scarlet fever 4-6 " 2d " 5th " 
Small-pox 12 u 2d " Scabs on 9th or 10th 

fall off about 14th. 
6. Erysipelas. Tincture of perchloride of iron. 
Quinine. Fomentations. Solution of Sulphate 
of iron. Nit. Silver, etc. 

Heart Diseases. 

Pericarditis known by friction sounds, etc. 
Endocarditis by bellows murmur, etc. Valvular 



24 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

disease by bellows or musical murmur — if syn- 
chronous with pulse and most audible at apex, mitral 
disease; if not synchronous and most audible over 
sternum and aorta, aortal disease. 

Hypertrophy leads to increased impulse, dyspnoea, 
palpitation, etc. Dilatation produces debility. 
Functional derangement of heart from hysteria, 
anaemia, neuralgia, etc., very common. Require** 
Antispasmodics, Ether, Ammonia, etc. 

Intestinal Diseases. 

1. Colic — from indigestion and flatulence, Ether. 
Ammonia. Brandy. Vomiting. Purging. Cas- 
tor oil and laudanum — from mineral poison, 
Sulphate Magnesia, Sulphuric Acid, etc. 

2. Diarrhoea. — Castor oil and laudanum. Calomel, 
etc. Afterwards Astringents, etc. 

3. Obstruction. — Castor oil. Croton oil. Enema. 
Fomentations. Manipulation. 

4. Duodenal Dyspepsia. — Pain, faintness, etc., about 
three hours after eating. Mercury. Nitromuriatic 
acid, etc. 

5. Enteritis. — Rest. Opium. Calomel. Fomenta- 
tions, etc. 

6. Dysentery. — Rest. Demulcent drinks. Farina- 
ceous food. Poultices. Castor oil. Opiate enema 
and suppositories. Bismuth. Gallic *acid, etc. 

7. Cholera. — Isolation. Disinfectants. (Carbolic 
acid?) Sinapisms. Stimulants, etc. 

8. Hemorrhoids. — External, should be excised. In- 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 25 

ternal removed by ligature. Attention to digestion, 
and laxatives relieve. 

Kidney Diseases. 

1. Nephritis. — Hot hip-baths. Fomentations. Mild 
aperients. Diaphoretics, etc. 

2. Chronic Nephritis ( Bright' s disease, etc.). — Ex- 
amine urine for Albumen. See Urcemia. 

3. Diabetes. — See Glucohcemia. 

4. Chylous urine. — Gallic acid. Iron, etc. 

5. Hcematuria. — Examine cause. Tinct. Iron. Gal- 
lic acid. Ice to loins, perineum, etc. 

Laryngeal and Tracheal Diseases. 

1. Aphonia. — Functional: Quinine, Iron, Nux 
Vomica, etc. Organic: Nit. Silver. Spray of 
astringent fluids, etc. 

2. Laryngitis. — Acute : Antiphlogistic treatment. 
Warm moist air. Inhalation of stramonium, 
belladonna, etc. Tracheotomy. Chronic: Nit. 
Silver. Inhalation of medicated spray. Alter- 
atives. Tonics. 

3. Laryngismus stridulus. — In paroxysm, warm bath 
with cold affusion to head and face. Chloroform, 
etc. 

4. Dysphonia clericorum (Follicular disease of phar- 
yngo-laryngeal membrane — often nervous"). — 
Quinine and Iron. Cold shower-baths. Iod. 
Potass. Iodohydrargyrate of Potass. Inhalation 
of atomized alterative or astringent fluids. Spong- 



26 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

ing the larynx with Nit. Silver (40-60 grs. of 
crystals to gj Water). Excise tonsils. 

5. Diphtheria (Exudation of false membrane with 
low fever). — Inhalation of acid vapor. Solution 
of hydrochloric acid, chlorinated water, nitrate 
of silver, etc. Tinct. Iron and Quinine. Chlorate 
Potass. Ice, etc. Sometimes Tracheotomy. 

6. Croup. — Spasmodic : Warm bath, Emetics. 
Membranous : Emetics, Calomel. Belladonna to 
throat outside. Inhalations of warm vinegar, etc. 
Tracheotomy. 

Liver Diseases. 

1. Hepatic congestion. — Passive : Sulphate and 
Citrate Magnesia. Senna. Taraxacum, etc. 
Active : Podophyllum. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. 
Aloes, Senna, and Jalap, etc. 

2. Hepatitis. — Rest in bed. Fomentations. Re- 
stricted diet. Sulphate of Soda and Taraxacum. 
Opium, etc. When chronic: Mtro-hydrochloric 
acid. Hydrochlorate of Ammonia, etc. 

3. Biliary calculi. — Hot baths. Fomentations. 
Morphia. Chloroform. Castor oil, etc. 

4. Jaundice. — From suppression: Sulphate of Soda 
and Taraxacum. Podophyllum. Hydrochlorate 
of Ammonia, etc. From obstruction: Podo- 
phyllum. Aloes. Croton oil. Sulphate of Mag- 
nesia. Fel Bovinum, etc. 

Lung Diseases. 

1. Catarrh. — Warm bath. Dover's powder. Purge. 



I 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 27 

2. Influenza. — Rest. Diet of slops. Inhalation of 
vapor, Iodine or Belladonna spray. Sulphate 
Magnesia and Senna. Diaphoretic mixture. 
Quinine, etc., after. 

3. Bronchitis. — Acute : see above. — Chronic, to be 
treated according to its nature; If secretion ex- 
cessive : Alum, Squills, Ammonia, etc. Inhala- 
tion of atomized fluids. 

4. Hooping-cough. — Ipecac, if much mucus. Senega. 
Nitric acid. Tinct. Aconite (1-2 minims). 
Belladonna liniment to spine. Alum and gin- 
ger, etc. 

5. Asthma. — During paroxysm, a stimulant emetic 
or enema. Ammonia and Ether. Stimulants. 
Tobacco. Datura Tatula cigars. Nitre-paper 
fumes, etc. In interval, tonics, shower-bath, etc. 
Inhalation of spray. 

6. Emphysema. — Invigorating diet, warm clothing. 
Carb. Ammonia. Ether. Quinine. Iron. Stra- 
monium smoking. Warm climate, etc. 

7. Pleurisy. — Rest. Fomentations. Cupping. Ape- 
rients. Opium. Aconite. Cream of Tartar. Qui- 
nine, etc. 

8. Pleurodynia (neuralgic pain in side). — Bella- 
donna and opium liniment. Sinapisms, etc. 

9. Pneumonia. — Acute : Rest. Moist air. Acetate 
of Ammonia. Opium. Tartarized Antimony. 
Veratrum viride. Fomentations, etc. Chronic: 
lod. Potass. Iod. Iron. Hydrochlorate Ammo- 
nia. Cod-liver oil, etc. 



28 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

10. Pulmonary gangrene. — Ammonia. Quinine. 
Iron, etc. 

11. Phthisis. — Nutritious animal food. Stimulants. 
Cod-liver oil. Iron. Quinine. Inhalations, etc. 

12. Haemoptysis. — Mineral acids. Opium. Inhala- 
tion of perchloride of Iron. Alum, etc. 

Stomach Diseases. 

1. Dyspepsia. — Invigorating means. Rest. Early 
hours. Sea-bathing. Disuse of tobacco and alco- 
hol. Avoid indigestible food. Pepsin. Iron. 
Oxgall. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Bismuth. 
Quinine, etc. Bismuth, Bicarb. Soda, etc., for 
gastralgia. Cod-liver oil, etc., for bulimia. 

2. Gastritis. — Acute : Ice. Enema. Morphia. 
Fomentations. Great care in diet. Chronic: 
Low diet. Ice. Bismuth, etc. 

3. Gastric catarrh ("bilious attack" — "sick head- 
ache"). — Seidlitz powders. Rhubarb. Ipecac. 
Mercury and chalk. Sulphite of Soda. Bis- 
muth, etc. 

4. Hoematemesis. — Rest. Ice. Alum. Tinct. Iron. 
Quinine and Iron, etc. Enema of beef tea and 
brandy. 

Venereal Diseases. 

1. Balanitis. — Cleanliness. Astringent lotions, etc. 

2. Gonorrhoea. — Acute: Rest. Active purgatives. 
Mild astringent injections. Camphor (5 grs.) 
and belladonna (^ gr.) pill at bedtime for chord ee. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 29 

Oil of yellow sandalwood, etc. Chronic (gleet) : 
Temperance. Infusion of uva ursi. Injections of 
infusion of Hydrastis Canadensis, Alum, Tannin, 
etc. Lallemand's porte-caustic. Tonics, etc. 
3. Syphilis, — 1. Primary. For indurated chancre, a 
mercurial course. Soft chancres, caustic of acid 
nitrate of mercury, Monsel's salts. Astringent 
lotions. Iron tonics and nourishing food. Pha~ 
gedenic chancre: soothing lotions and poultices. 
Iron. Iod. Potass, and Sarsaparilla. Sloughing 
chancre: fomentations and poultices. Opium. 
Nourishment. Stimulants. 2. Constitutional: 
light nutritious diet. Warm baths. Blue pill. 
Calomel. Iodide of Mercury. Iodide of 
Potass., etc. 



VI. 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEDICINES WITH THEIR 
USES, DOSES, ETC. 



ABSINTHE. A compound French liqueur, consisting 
of alcohol, oil of wormwood, anise, etc. Effects more 
deleterious than alcohol, tending to epileptiform con- 
vulsions. 
ABSINTHIUM. Wormwood. (Artemisia absinthium.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, discutient, 
antiseptic. 

Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, gout, hypochon- 
driasis, dropsy, and epilepsy not depending on or- 
ganic changes. Clysters of the decoction are useful 
in ascarides. 

Dose. In substance, 9j to Qij. Infusion (gvj to 
water Oj) f^vj to f^xij, three or four times a day. 

Incompatible. Sulphates of iron and of zinc; ace- 
tate and diacetate of lead, nitrate of silver. 
ACACIA. Gum Arabic. (A. vera.) 

Demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. In catarrh, pertussis, ardor urinse, etc. 
Mucilage of Gum Arabic is often employed as a 
vehicle for other substances. To render them mis- 
cible, oils require three-fourths of their own weight, 
balsams and spermaceti equal parts, resin two parts, 
and musk five times its weight. 

30 



ACE 31 

Dose. In substance, gss. to gij. In decoctions, ad 
libitum. 

Incomp. Goulard's extract, alcohol, sulphuric 
ether, tincture of muriate of iron. 
ACER PENNSYLVANICUM. Striped Maple. 

Use. A decoction of bark in cutaneous affections, 
and of the leaves and twigs to relieve vomiting. 
ACETIC ETHER. Stimulant and antispasmodic. 

Externally, for rheumatic pain. 

Dose. 15 to 30 drops. 
ACETUM. Vinegar. 

Refrigerant, diaphoretic, antiseptic, astringent; 
externally, stimulant, and discutient. 

Use. In febrile complaints and scorbutus; it has 
been supposed to counteract the effects of opium and 
other narcotics, after the stomach has been com- 
pletely cleared ; but this is a mistake, and it should 
never be employed in such cases ; steam of it inhaled 
in putrid sore throats and in scurvy ; as a lotion in 
bruises, sprains, burns, and chronic ophthalmia. 
Antilithic, where the triple phosphates abound in 
the urine ; diluted with water, it forms the best means 
of cleansing the eye of small particles of lime. 

Vinegar is considered to be better adapted to ex- 
tract the virtues of some vegetables than alcohol, 
and the list of such preparations might be enlarged 
with benefit. 

Vinegar whey is made by stirring a small wine- 
glassful of vinegar and a dessert-spoonful of sugar in 
a pint of milk ; boil 15 minutes and strain. Used as 
a drink in fevers. 

Dose, f£j to f^iv. In clysters, fgj to flij. Lotion. 
R. Aceti fgj, Spiritus Ten. f£iv, Aquae f§viij. 
ACETUM AROMATICUM. Aromatic Vinegar. 

See Acidum Aceticum Arom. 
ACETUM CANTHARIDIS. Vinegar of Canthar- 



32 ACE 

ides. Cantharid. §ij in Acid Acet. Oj. Macerate 8 
days. A prompt vesicant. 
ACETUM COLOHICI. Vinegar of Meadow Saffron. 
Colchici cormi recent, concisi gj. Aceti dist. f^xvj. 
Spir. ten. fgj. 

Use. In ascites, hydro thorax, and gout. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy 
carbonates, sulphuric acid. 

Dose. fgss. to f%j, in any bland fluid. 
ACETUM DESTILLATUM. Distilled Vinegar. 
(Distil one gallon of vinegar on a sand-bath, in a 
glass retort and receiver. Reserve the first seven 
pints for use.) 

Refrigerant, slightly astringent. 

Use. The same as that of vinegar; chiefly for 
pharmaceutical purposes. It is used in the form 
of vapor for purposes of fumigation, but it has no 
efficacy in destroying contagious or infectious matter. 
It is also a good addition in refrigerating lotions 
containing acetate of lead. 

Dose, fgj to fjiv. 
ACETUM LOBELIA. Vinegar of Lobelia. Lo- 
belia in powder giv, Dilute Acetic Acid Oij. Made 
by percolation or maceration. 

Dose. 30-60 drops, as antispasmodic, f^ss. as 
emetic. 
ACETUM OPII. Vinegar of Opium. Black drop. 

R. Coarsely powdered opium gv, Nutmeg ^i, 
Sugar §viii, Dilute Acetic Acid q. s. Macerate with 
1 pint of the dilute acid 24 hours, percolate, and add 
acid to make two pints. 

Narcotic. 

Use. A substitute for tincture of opium ; it is less 
likely to affect the brain than the tincture. 

Dose, H^vij to Tflpx. 
ACETUM SANGUINARLE. Vinegar of Blood- 
root. Sanguinar. pulv. giv, Acid. acet. dil. Oij. 



aci 33 

Dose. Wxv-TTPxxx as alterative expectorant. 
ACETUM SCILL^E. Vinegar of Squill. Powdered 
squill §iv, Dilute Acetic Acid q. s. Percolate 
2 pints, or macerate for seven days, express and 
filter. 

Diuretic, expectorant, emetic, in large doses pur- 
gative. 

Use. In dropsies, asthma, and chronic catarrh. 
Dose. ItPxv-gi, in cinnamon water or mint water. 
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM. Milfoil. Yarrow. 
Mild aromatic, astringent. 

Dose. Used in infusion, or 20 drops of volatile oil. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM. Acetic Acid. 
Stimulant, rubefacient, escharotic. 
Use. Applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, 
and headache ; destroys corns and warts. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy 
carbonates. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM AKOMATICUM. Aromatic 
Vinegar. (Rosmarini sic. folior. Origani. sing. §j. 
Lavandulae sic. giv. Caryophyllorum cont. gss. 
Acidi Acetici Ojss. Macerate seven days, and filter 
the expressed liquor through paper.) 
Odor, pungent and aromatic. 
Use. As a grateful perfume in sick-rooms. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM CAMPHORATUM. Acid. 

Acet. f^x. Camph. §j. Alcohol f£j. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Acetic 
Acid. (1 part to 7 parts of water.) 

100 grs. are saturated by 7.6 grains of crystallized 
Bicarb, of Potassa. 
ACIDUM ABSENIOSUM. Arsenious Acid. (See 
p. 12.) 

Use. To prepare the arsenical solution. 
(See Liquor Arsenicalis.) 
3 



34 aci 

ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Benzoic Acid. 

Stimulant ; as an expectorant, doubtful ; errhine. 

Use. In chronic catarrh, but of very little effi- 
cacy. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. 
ACIDUM CARBAZOTICUM. Picric Acid. 

Formed by the action of Nitric acid on animal and 
vegetable substances. 

Use. Tonic, astringent, antiperiodic. 
ACIDUM CAKBOLICUM. Carbolic Acid. Phenic 
Acid. Phenol. 

A hydrated oxide of phenyl, produced in the 
manufacture of coal-gas. It has the taste and smell 
of Creasote. 

A most complete disinfectant. 

Use. In Surgery a mixture of Carbolic Acid and 
Oil, etc., has been found of great use in arresting the 
formation of pus, etc. A solution of 2-10 grs. to §j 
Water has also been of benefit as a lotion, gargle, etc., 
in putrid and eruptive diseases. It is one of the 
most valuable contributions of modern science. 

Glycerin is an excellent menstruum for either in- 
ternal or external use. 

Dose. 1-2 drops of liquefied acid ; or 1 gr. to grs. 
iv to §j water by means of the atomizer ; or 1 part in 
4 to 8 for external use. 
ACIDUM CHROMICUM. Chromic Acid. 

Crystallized from a mixture of Bichromate of 
Potass, and Sulphuric acid. 

Use. As an eschar otic. 
ACIDUM CITBICUM. Citric Acid. 

Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In febrile and inflammatory complaints, and 
scorbutus ; and dissolved in water, "instead of recent 
lemon-juice, for the effervescing draught. (Propor- 
tion, gixss. to water Oj.) 



aci 35 

Dose. Grs. x to gss., dissolved in water or any 
bland fluid. 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetate of 
lead, nitrate and acetate of mercury, alkalies, alka- 
line sulphurets. 
ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallic Acid. 

Astringent. 

Use. In uterine and vesical hemorrhages. 

Dose. Grs. v to xv. 
ACIDUM HYDEIODICUM DILUTUM. Diluted 
Hydriodic Acid. An aqueous solution of the acid 
gas. 

Use. Same as Iodine. 

Dose, f^ diluted with water, etc. 
ACIDUM HYDKOCHLCRICUM. (Acidum Muri- 
aticum, U. S.) 

Tonic, antiseptic, diuretic. 

Use. In typhus; cutaneous eruptions; in gargles 
in inflammatory and putrid sore throat; in injections 
in gonorrhoea. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, and their carbonates ; 
metallic oxides, sulplmret of potassium, tartrate of 
potassa, tartar emetic, and most metallic salts. 
ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM DILUTUM. Di- 
luted Hydrochloric Acid. (Acidi Hydrochlorici 
f§iv, Aquae destillatae f^xij.) f^j should saturate 
grs. 32 of crystallized carbonate of soda. 

Dose. TTPx to ITPxx, properly diluted ; in gargles, 
f^ss. to f^ij in f^vj of fluid ; injection, TTpviij, to 
water f^iv. 
ACIDUM HYDROCYAXICUM DILUTUM. Di- 
luted Hydrocyanic Acid. Cyano Hydric Acid, 
Prussic Acid. (Potassi Ferrocyanidi 3 i j . Acidi 
Sulpli. 5Jss., Aq. Dist. Oiss.) 

(Prussic Acid may be prepared for immediate use 
in the following manner : Take of Cvanide of Silver 



36 aci 

grs. 50 J, Muriatic acid grs. 41. Distilled Water ;fj. 
Mix the muriatic acid with the distilled water, add 
the cyanide of silver, and shake the whole in a well- 
stopped vial. When the insoluble matter has sub- 
sided, pour off the clear liquor and keep it for use.) 

Sedative, antispasmodic. 

Use. In spasmodic coughs, asthma, hooping-cough, 
nervous affections, hiccough, palpitation of the heart, 
and in allaying the irritability of the stomach in 
dyspepsia. Prussic acid may be employed with 
great benefit in cases of chronic neuralgic affections 
of the stomach. It should be given in increased doses, 
till some physiological effects are produced ; then 
continued in rather a diminished quantity. As a 
. local application, properly diluted, it is useful in 
abating the itching in Impetigo and pruriginous 
affections. 

Dose. Wij gradually increased to Wv in a glass- 
ful of water, almond emulsion, or infusion of cin- 
chona. When an overdose has been taken, the effects 
are best counteracted by ammonia, chlorine, brandy, 
and the cold affusion. 

Incomp. Metallic oxides, chlorine. 
ACIDUM LACTICUM. Lactic Acid. 

Use. In dyspepsia, and phosphatic deposits. 

Dose, gi to giij in sweetened solution, or in con- 
nection with pepsin. 
ACIDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. 

Tonic, antiseptic, antisyphilitic, escharotic. 

Use. The strong acid is seldom used for any other 
than pharmaceutical purposes ; in the form of vapor 
is extracted from nitre giv, and sulphuric acid giv, 
in a saucer, placed on a pipkin of hot sand, for the 
purpose of fumigation. 

Incomp. Spirit of lavender and the strong tinc- 
tures, in any large quantity ; and the essential oils ; 
metallic oxides. 



aci 37 

ACIDUM NITRICUM DILUTUM. Dilufe 1 Nitric 
Acid. 

Use. As a drink, diluted largely, in fevers of the 
typhoid kind; in chronic affections of the liver, 
attended with a redundant and hasty formation of 
bile, and in dyspepsia. It is also very useful in the 
cure of old ulcerated legs. 

Dose, tt\,x to n^xx in.f§iij of water, twice or thrice 
a day. 
ACIDUM NITRO - MURIATIC OI. Nitro-muriatic 
Acid. (Acidi Nitrici, mensura, partem iij ; Acidi 
Muriatici, mensura, partes v. Mix them in a vessel 
kept cool, and preserve the mixture in a well-stopped 
bottle, in a cool, 'obscure place.) 

Stimulant, antiseptic. 

Use. Largely diluted, it has been strongly recom- 
mended in malignant scarlatina, in chronic affections 
of the liver, and in syphilis ; and still more diluted 
as a bath, in chronic derangement of the hepatic 
secretion, which it improves, and acts gently on the 
bowels. 

Dose. TT^vi to rr^x, in fgiij of water, twice or thrice 
a day. When used as a bath, the mixed acid should 
be added to the water until it tastes as sour as weak 
vinegar. 

Incomp. Oxides, earths, alkalies, the sulphurets, 
and the acetates of potassa and of lead. 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Sulphuric Acid. 

Escharotic, stimulant, rubefacient, tonic, astringent, 
refrigerant. 

Use. In local pains, ill the form of an ointment 
made of lard gj ; sulphuric acid ^j ; and in scabies 
with gss. of the acid to the lard 5J. 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM AROMATICUM. Aro- 
matic Sulphuric Acid. Elixir of Vitriol. 

Sulphuric acid 6 oz., Ginger 1 oz., Cinnamon 1 J oz. 



38 aci 

Add the acid gradually to 1 pint Alcohol. Mix the 
Ginger and Cinnamon, and percolate with Alcohol 
to a pint of tincture. Then mix the dilute acid and 
tincture. 

Use. In dyspepsia ; the debility following inter- 
mittents, and other fevers, combined with vegetable 
bitters ; and in chronic asthma. 

Dose. n\x to rr^xxx in fluids, twice or thrice a 
day. 
ACIDUM SULPHUKICUM DILUTUM. Diluted 
Sulphuric Acid. (Acidi Sulphurici f^iss. Aquae 
destillatse fgxivss. Mix gradually, and filter.) 

Tonic, astringent, refrigerant. 

Use. In dyspepsia, diabetes, menorrhagia, hae- 
moptysis, cutaneous eruptions, hectic ; in gargles, in 
cynanche, and to check salivation. Sulphuric acid is 
an excellent tonic, and also possesses refrigerant and 
astringent properties, rendering it a valuable remedy 
in cases where we wish to avoid diarrhoea. In cases 
of low and hectic fever, attended with copious per- 
spiration, it is very beneficial, as well as in haema- 
temesis. It is also useful conjoined with saline ape- 
rients, when the urine has a tendency to phosphatic 
depositions, attended with loss of appetite, impaired 
digestion, foul tongue, etc. It is usually given with 
some bitter infusion, as cascarilla, columbo, cinchona, 
quassia, etc. 

Dose. TT^x to rr\,xx largely diluted; in gargles fgj 
to f^iij in ^viij of fluid. 
ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. Sulphurous Acid. 

Use. In parasitic skin diseases, in lotion with 2 
or 3 measures of glycerin or water. The sulphite of 
soda better for internal use. 
ACIDUM TANNICUM. Tannic Acid. (Tannin.) 

Use. Tannic acid may be advantageously employed 
in all the passive hemorrhages, especially menor- 






ADE 39 

rhagia; also in diarrhoea, where we wish simply an 
astringent effect. It possesses a great advantage over 
most other astringents, from the smallness of dose in 
which it may be given, and from its being less liable 
to irritate the stomach and bowels. 

Dose. From 2 to 4 grs. every three hours. 
ACIDUM TARTARICUM. Tartaric Acid. 

Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In inflammatory affections, fevers, and scor- 
butus. 

Dose. Gr. x to Jfss. dissolved in water. 

Incomp. Alkalies and their carbonates, all the 
salts of potassa. 
ACIDUM VALERIANICUM. Valerianic Acid. 

Dose. Gtt. v-xv as a nervine. 
ACONITIA. 

Use. Externally counter-irritant ; too poisonous 
to be used internallv. 
ACONITI FOLIA ET RADIX. Aconite. {Aeonitum 
Napellus.) 

Narcotic, sudorific, antiphlogistic. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, scrofula, scirrhus, 
palsy, amaurosis, and venereal nodes. Aconite is a 
very powerful topical remedy, in the form of tincture, 
in cases of rheumatism and neuralgia. 

Dose. Gr. j, gradually increased to gr. v, twice or 
thrice a day; of the extract, from gr. ss. to gr. j, 
of the tincture from 10 to 40 drops, gradually in- 
creased. 
ACT^EA. Baneberry. White and red Cohosh. 

Root purgative and emetic. 
ADANSONIA DIGITATA. Baobab. 

Mucilaginous, diaphoretic. Used in miasmatic 
diseases of West Indies, in decoction of leaves and 
bark to 1 pint, to be taken in a day. 
ADEPS. Lard. 



40 aju 

Emollient. 

Use. In ointments, etc. 
ADIANTUM PEDATUM. Maidenhair. 

An indigenous fern, bitter, aromatic, used in pec- 
toral affections. 
JESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. Horse-chestnut. 
The bark has been substituted for cinchona ; but it 
is uncertain. 
^THEE SULPHURICUS. Sulphuric Ether. # 

Diffusible stimulant, narcotic, antispasmodic; ex- 
ternally refrigerant. 

Pure washed sulphuric ether preferable to chloro- 
form for ansesthetic purposes. It may be inhaled 
from a sponge. 

Use. Hysteria, asthma, tetanus, epilepsy, and other 
spasmodic complaints; externally in headache, and 
dropped into the meatus in earache ; it has also been 
used in burns. 

Dose. n\,xx to fgj in f^xij water, or other fluid. 
AGARIC. Spunk. Touchwood. Product of a fungus, 
the Boletus. The Boletus of the larch has been used 
as cathartic, that from the oak as styptic. 
AGAVE AMERICANA. American aloe. 
Diuretic and antisyphilitic. 

Mexican Pulque is the fermented juice of this 
plant. 

A species called A. Virginica has been used for 
bites of serpents. 
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA. Common Agrimony. 
Astringent, in passive hemorrhages, etc. 
Dose. ^j or more in powder or infusion. 
AILANTHUS GLANDULOSA. 

Used as a vermifuge in tape-worm. 
Dose. 8 to 30 grs. of powdered bark. 
AJUGA CHAM^EPITYS. Ground pine. 
Stimulant, balsamic, diuretic, aperient. 



ALC 41 

Dose, ^j-gij of powdered leaves, or in an infusion 
of wine. 
AKAZGA. Boundou. An African ordeal poison, 

similar to Nux Vomica. 
ALCHEMILLA VULGAE1S. Ladies' mantle. 
Astringent. Used in diarrhoea. 

ALCOHOL. Alcohol. 

Stimulant (powerful and diffusible), sedative. 
Use. Scarcely ever used internally in its pure state, 
"but sometimes advantageously in a highly diluted 
form ; in cases of debility and low fevers ; externally 
as a fomentation in muscular pains ; to burns ; and 
to restrain hemorrhages. The use of alcohol as a 
medicine has been much diminished within the last 
ten years. It is found unsuited to a great majority 
of cases of disease, and when employed, too often in- 
ducing an artificial appetite not easily overcome. 
From its strong attraction for water, it causes thick- 
ening or scirrhus of the stomach, and an indurated 
state of the liver ; and from its powerful effects upon 
the nervous system, it induces epilepsy, tremors, 
coma, mania, and death. For these reasons, and 
that we have useful substitutes, it should seldom be 
prescribed. 

ALCOHOL AMYLICUM. Fusel oil. 

An active irritant poison, obtained from too long 
continued distillation of grain, etc. 

ALCOHOL DILUTUM. Dilute Alcohol. Spiritus 
tenuior. 

Alcohol and water, equal parts. 

ALCOHOL, METHYLIC. Spiritus Pyroxilicus. 
Wood Naphtha. Used in the arts, etc., as a cheap 
substitute for Alcohol. Has been considered narcotic 
and sedative in doses of 10 to 40 drops, diluted, 3 
times a day. 



42 ALN 

ALCORNOQUE. 

A bark from S. America. Astringent. Febrifuge. 

Dose. 30 grs. of powder. 
ALETEIS. Star-grass. (A. farinosa.) 

An intense bitter, tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In rheumatism and dropsy. 

Dose. Of powder 10 grs., fluid extract 10 to 30 
drops. 
ALEURITES TRILOBA. A widely-diffused tropi- 
cal plant, whose oil has been proposed as a substitute 
for Castor oil. It is known in Jamaica as Spanish 
walnut oil, and in the Sandwich Islands as Kukui oil. 
ALISMA PLANTAGO. Water plantain. 

Root has been used in epilepsy, chorea, and hydro- 
phobia, in doses of powder from 10 grs. upwards. 
ALKANET. Boot of Anchusa tinctoria. 

Used chiefly as a coloring material. 
ALLIARIA OFFICINALIS. Hedge garlic. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, and expectorant. 
ALLIUM. Garlic Bulbs. (A. sativum.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue, 
diaphoretic, and anthelmintic ; extremely rubefacient, 
maturient, and repellent. 

Use. In cold leucophlegmatic habits, dropsy, 
rheumatalgia, humoral asthma, and hysteria. In- 
termittents have been cured by it. The juice dropped 
into the ear, in atonic deafness, is a very effectual 
remedy ; and it is also beneficial in herpetic erup- 
tions, formed with oil into an ointment. A poultice 
of it over the pubis has been found useful in atony of 
the bladder. 

Dose. One to six cloves, swallowed without chew- 
ing, twice or thrice a day. Of the juice f£ss. to f^ij 
mixed with sugar or syrup. In pills with soap or 
calomel, gr. xx to ^ij. 
ALNUS RUBRA. Tag Alder. 



ALU 43 



Alterative, emetic, astringent. 

Use. In scrofula, secondary syphilis, etc. 

Dose, Of fluid extract f£j to f^ij. 
ALOE. Peculiar bitter principle (Aloin). 

Cathartic, warm and stimulating, emmenagogue, 
anthelmintic, stomachic ; hurtful in hemorrhoids. 
Aloes act chiefly on the large intestines, and pro- 
duce catharsis by increasing the peristaltic muscular 
action, and not by increasing the secretions. 

Dose. To act as a cathartic, gr. ij to gr. x ; as an 
emmenagogue, gr. j to gr. ij, twice or thrice a day. 
ALTELEJE FOLIA ET BADIX. Marshmallow 
Leaves and Koot (A. officinalis.) 

Emollient, lubricating, demulcent. 

Use. In pulmonary and intestinal affections; ardor 
urinse; calculus; externally in fomentations, clyster, 
and gargles. 
ALUMEN. Alum. 

Astringent; and in large doses laxative, emetic. 

Use. In hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, croup, hooping- 
cough, etc. ; externally in relaxation of the uvula, 
ophthalmia, gleet, and fluor albus. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qj in powder, or in whey, made 
with gij of the powder, to Oj of hot milk, a teacupful 
occasionally; in gargles £ss. in f§iv. of fluid; in 
collyria and injections gr. xij in f§ v j of rose water. 
A saturated solution is a useful styptic. Alum Curd 
is a good cooling external application in ophthalmia 
and other diseases ; made by beating up the white of 
an egg with a piece of alum till it forms a coagulum. 

Incomp. Potassa and potassse carbonas, sodse car- 
bonas, ammonia, lime, magnesia, acetate of lead, in- 
fusion of galls. 
ALUMEX EXSICCATUM. Dried Alum. (Melt the 
alum in an earthen vessel over the fire, until the 
ebullitions cease.) 



44 AMM 

Escharotic. 

Use. To destroy fungus in ulcers; internally in 
colic. 

Dose. Gr. iv to xij. 
ALUMINA SULPHAS. Sulphate of Alumina. 
Used externally, as astringent and antiseptic. 
AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIAC US. Prince's 
Feather. 

Leaves astringent. 
AMBERGRIS. 

Antispasmodic. 
Dose. 5 grs. to ^j. 
AMBROSIA TRIFIDA. Ragweed. 

Astringent, tonic. 
AMMONIACUM. Gum Ammoniac. (Dorema ammo- 
niacum. ) 

Expectorant, antispasmodic, discutient, resolvent. 
Use. In asthma and chronic catarrh ; visceral ob- 
structions, and obstinate colic from viscid matters 
lodged in the intestines ; externally in scirrhous 
tumors and white swelling of the joints. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. in pills, with squill, myrrh, 
etc., or in emulsion. See Mist. Ammoniaci. 
AMMONITE ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Ammonia. 
Use. In inveterate skin disease. 
Dose. 20 drops of solution of 1 gr. to f §j Dest. 
^Vater. 
AMMONLE BENZOAS. Benzoate of Ammonia. 
Diuretic. 

Dose. Gr. xv to gr. xxx. 
AMMONIA BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Am- 
monia. 

Antacid. Similar to Bicarbonate of Soda, but 
more stimulant. 
AMMONITE BORAS. Biborate of Ammonia. 
Use. In chronic catarrh of bladder. 



A M M 45 

Dose. 10 to 20 grs. in water, often repeated; 
AMMONITE CAEBONAS. Sesquicarbonate of Am- 
monia. 

Stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In hysteria, dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism ; 
applied to the nostrils in syncope. 

.Dose. Gr. v to ^j in pills, or any bland fluid. 
Gr. xxx are an emetic. 

Incomp. Acids, potassa rasa, liquor potassse, mag- 
nesia, carbonates, alum, chloride of calcium, bitar- 
tras and bisulphas of potassse, salts of iron, with 
the exception of the potassio-tartrate ; bichloride of 
mercury, salts of lead, sulphate of zinc, sulphate of 
quinia. 
AMMONITE MUEIAS. Hydrochlorate of Ammonia. 
Sal Ammoniac. 

Aperient, diuretic; externally to produce cold 
during its solution ; stimulant. 

Use. Externally while dissolving, to abate the 
heat and pain of inflammation; to allay headache; 
in lotion, composed of the salt §j, alcohol f5J, water 
f^ix, to indolent tumors, gangrene, scabies, and 
chilblains. Has been used internally in doses of grs. 
ij to grs. v, with Ext. Taraxaci and Ehei, as a sub- 
stitute for Calomel in hepatic disease. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss. 

Incomp. Sulphuric and nitric acids, acetate of 
lead, potassa, carbonates of soda and potassa, lime. 
AMMONliE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Ammonia. 

Use. In gout and rheumatism. 

Dose. Gr. x to xl, 3 or 4 times a day, in a table- 
spoonful of water. 
AMMONITE VALEEIANAS. Valerianate of Am- 
monia. 

Use. In neuralgia, chorea, epilepsy, etc. 

Dose. 2 to 8 grs., in water, or in pills. 



46 ANE 

AMMONII BROMIDUM. Bromide of Ammonium. 

Use. Similar to Bromide of potassium. Thought 
to influence the ganglionic functions. 
Dose. 2 grs. to 20 grs. 
AMMONII IODIDUM. Iodide of Ammonium. 

Used externally as a substitute for Iodine. 
AMPELOPSIS QUINQUEFOLIA. Virginia Creeper. 
Alterative, tonic, expectorant. Used in decoction 
or infusion. 
AMYGDALAE AMAILE ET DULCIS. Bitter and 
Sweet Almonds. (A. communis.) 
Demulcent, the bitter is sedative. 
Use. In inflammatory complaints ; and as a vehi- 
cle for more active remedies. 
AMYLUM. Starch. 

Demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. In dysentery, tenesmus, and ulceration of the 
rectum, in the form of a clyster ; it is the common 
vehicle for exhibiting opium per anum. The decoc- 
tion of starch is made by boiling, for a short time, 
giv starch in Oj water, previously mixing them grad- 
ually while the water is cold. 
ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE. Cashew-nut. 

Juice used in the W. Indies for cure of corns, etc. 
ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS. Scarlet Pimpernel. 

Used as preventive of hydrophobia, etc. Uncer- 
tain. 
ANCHUSA OFFICINALIS. Bugloss. 
Used in France similarly to Borage. 
ANDROMEDA ARBOREA. Sorrel-tree. 

Acid leaves form a refrigerant decoction in fevers. 
ANEMONE PRATENSIS. Meadow Anemone. 

Used in ophthalmia and catarrhal inflammations. 
Dose. Of powder 2 or 3 grs. Tincture f gss. 
A. pulsatilla is a favorite homceopathic remedy. 
ANETHUM. Dill Seed. {A. graveolens.) 
Stimulant, carminative. 



ANT 47 

Use. In flatulent colic, and hiccough, particularly 
in infants. 

Dose. Gr. x to 3j. 
ANGELICA. 

Aromatic tonic. 

Dose. Of root or. seeds, 30 grs. to gj. 
ANGUSTUEA. Cusparia. ( Galipea officinalis.) 

Tonic, stimulant, aromatic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, removing flatulence and acid- 
ity ; chronic diarrhoea, dysentery. 

Incomp. Sulphate of iron and of copper, nitrate 
of silver, tartarized antimony, acetate and diacetate 
of lead, bichloride of mercury, pure potassa, and in- 
fusions of galls and yellow cinchona bark, etc. 

Dose. Gr. v to gr. xx in powder. 
ANISUM. Aniseed. (Pimpinella anisum.) 

Carminative. 

Use. In dyspepsia and the tormina of infants. 

Dose. Gr. x to 3j bruised. 
ANNOTTA. 

Used principally as a coloring-matter. 
ANTENNARIA M ARGAEITACEA. Life - ever- 
lasting. 

Leaves astringent and expectorant. 
ANTHEMIS. Chamomile flowers. (A. nobilis.) 

Tonic, stomachic ; the warm infusion is emetic ; 
externally discutient, emollient, antiperiodic. 

Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, hysteria, flatu- 
lent colic, gout ; to promote the operation of emetics, 
externally as fomentations in gripings, and to ripen 
suppurating tumors. 

Dose. In powder gss. to gij twice or thrice a da v. 
ANTIMONII ET POTASS^ TAETEAS. Potassio- 
Tartrate of Antimony, or Emetic Tartar. 

Emetic, sometimes cathartic, diaphoretic, expec- 
torant, alterative, rubefacient. A sedative to the 
circulation, while it increases most of its secretions. 



48 apo 

Use. In the beginning of fever, to clear the stomach 
and bowels; but it is an improper emetic in ad- 
vanced stages of typhus ; in large doses in pulmonary 
inflammations ; and in small as an alterative in cu- 
taneous diseases, acute rheumatism, chorea; exter- 
nally in white swellings, hooping-cough, phthisis, 
and all deep-seated inflammations. 

Dose. As a means of subduing inflammation, gr. 
ss. to gr. ij ; as an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv, in solution ; 
diaphoretic and expectorant, gr. 1-1 2th to l-8th. It 
is made into an ointment for external use, by rub- 
bing up gij with lard ^j. 

Incomp. Alkalies and earths with their carbonates; 
strong acids ; hydro-sulphurets ; lime-water, chloride 
of calcium, salts of lead ; decoctions of bitter and 
astringent plants. 
ANTIMONIUM SULPHUKATUM. 

Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. 

Alterative, diaphoretic, emetic. 

ZTse. In secondary syphilis, cutaneous eruptions, 
etc. 

Dose. Gr. j to ij as alterative. 
ANTIRKHINUM LINAEIA. Toad-flax. 

Diuretic, cathartic, slightly acrid. 

Used in infusions, or as a poultice, etc., to piles. 
APOCYNUM ANDBOS^MIFOLIUM. Dog's Bane. 
Emetic, diaphoretic, alterative. 

Dose. Gr. xxx of the powdered root as an emetic ; 
gr. v diaphoretic. Employed by the Indians in lues 
venerea. 
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. Indian Hemp. 

Emetic, hydragogue, cathartic, diuretic, diapho- 
retic, expectorant, narcotic, and sedative. 

Use. A very powerful remedy in ascites and gen- 
eral dropsy ; in neuralgia, etc. 

Dose. From gr x to gr. xx of the powdered root 



AEG 49 

produce free vomiting and purging. Of the decoc- 
tion, which is preferable, and made by boiling gss. 
of the dried root in Ojss. of water to Oj, from f §j to 
f^ij may be given three or four times a day, if nec- 
essary. Of the extract, gr. iij to gr. iv, two or three 
times a day, will usually act on the bowels. 
AQUA. AMMONITE. Solution of Ammonia. 
Stimulant. Antacid. Rubefacient. 
Dose. 10-30 drops, largely diluted. 
AQILE. Medicated Waters. See p. 155. 
AQUILEGIA VULGARIS. Columbine. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic, seldom used. 
ARALIA NUDICAULIS. False Sarsaparilla. 
Stimulant, diaphoretic, alterative. 
Use. Employed in rheumatism, syphilis, cutaneous 
affections, in the same manner and dose as the genu- 
ine sarsaparilla. 
ARALIA SPINOSA. Angelica-tree, Toothache-tree, 
Prickly Ash. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic, cathartic. 
Use. Employed in chronic rheumatism and cuta- 
neous eruptions. Also, in~ colic, in toothache, usually 
given in decoction. 
ARCTIUM LAPPA. Burdock. 
Aperient, sudorific, diuretic. 

Use. In rheumatism, gout, aphthae, also in vene- 
real, scorbutic, scrofulous, and nephritic affections; 
in decoction made with Jij of the root in Ojss. of 
water. The leaves externally in cutaneous eruptions 
and ulcerations. 

Dose. A teacupful several times a day; of little 
value unless persevered in for a long time. 
ARECA NUT. Betel Nut. 

Used in tape-worm in doses of giv to gvi. 
ARGEMONE MEXICANA. Prickly Poppy. 
Anodyne cathartic. 
4 



50 AUG 

Dose. 8 grs. of seeds in emulsion. 
ARGENTI CYANIDUM. Cyanuret of Silver. Cy- 
anide of Silver. 

Use, To prepare hvdrocyanic acid. 
ARGENTI IODIJDUM. Iodide of Silver. (Precipi- 
tated from the nitrate by iodide of potassium.) 

A substitute for nitrate of silver in gastric affec- 
tions, in doses of J gr. three times a day, increased 
gradually. This iodide forms a crystalline salt with 
iodide of potassium, which may perhaps combine 
the tonic and alterative effects of its constituents, in 
a similar way to the iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium. 
It is, however, decomposed by water. 
AKGENTI NITRAS. Nitrate of Silver. 

Tonic, antispasmodic, escharotic. 

Use. In chorea, epilepsy, dyspepsia, and irritable 
conditions of the mucous membrane of the stomach 
and bowels ; locally to relieve strictures ; to fungous 
ulcers, warts, and venereal chancres ; gr. ij in distilled 
water f^j is a good injection in fistulous sores; and 
as an application to spongy gums, enlarged tonsils 
and ulcerated sore throats. A solution of gss. in f gj 
of distilled water, is highly useful when pencilled 
over the surface in erysipelas. 

Dose. Gr. -J increased to gr. iv in a pill, with 
mucilage, three times a day ; or in solution, increased 
to gr. iij. The dark color communicated to the skin 
is an objection to its internal employment. 

Incomp. Sulphuric, hydrochloric, and arsenious 
acids and their salts ; alkalies except ammonia ; lime; 
chlorides ; sulphurets ; astringent vegetable infusions 
and decoctions ; aqueous solutions of salts of mercury, 
or of copper. 
ARGENT! NITRAS FUSUS. Lunar caustic. 

Fused nitrate of silver. 

Convenient for external use, as stimulant or es- 
charotic. 



ASA 51 

ARGENTI OXIDUM. Oxide of Silver. 

Proposed as a substitute for the nitrate. 

Dose. J a gr. in pill. 
ARMORACIA. Horseradish Root. (Cochlearia armo- 
racia.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In scorbutus, rheumatism, dropsy, and dys- 
peptic affections ; and locally in hoarseness. 

Dose. 9j to 3j. Vide Infusion: of the following 
syrup a teaspoonful often slowly swallowed, in 
hoarseness: (R. Of the scraped root 3j, boiling 
water gij, sugar q. s. to the strained liquor.) 
ARNICA. Leopard's Bane. (A. montana.) 

Narcotic, stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, 
diuretic. 

Use. In amaurosis, paralysis, rheumatism, gout, 
dropsy, nephritis, and chlorosis. The root has been 
used in intermittents, but is most useful in diseases 
attended with a typhoid state of the system. 

Dose. Gr. v to gr. x in powder, or f ^ss. of the fol- 
lowing infusion: (R. Of the flowers 3Jss., water 
fgviij), twice or thrice a day. In large doses it 
produces poisoning. 
ARUM. Dragon Root, Indian Turnip. (A. triphyl- 

lum.) 

Externally irritant. Internally stimulant to all 
the secretions, especially those of the skin and lungs. 

Use. In asthma, pertussis, chronic catarrh, chronic 
rheumatism, and cachectic complaints generally. 

Dose. Of the powder of the recently dried root, 
gr. v to gr x, mixed with gum Arabic, sugar, and 
water, in the form of an emulsion, repeated two or 
three times a day, and gradually increased to ^ss. 
or 3j. Also in aphthous sore mouth of children, 
mixed with sugar and laid on the tongue. 
ASARABACCA. A. Europceum. 



52 ass 

Emetic, cathartic, errhine. 

Dose. Grs. 30- ^j of powder. 
ASARUM CANADENSE. Wild Ginger. 

A stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic. 

Use. Used chiefly as an elegant adjunct to tonic 
infusions and decoctions. Resembles serpentaria in 
its effects. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx. 
Also, used in form of a tincture. 
ASCLEPIAS. < The Common Silk-weed. Butterfly- 
weed. Pleurisy Root. (A. tuberosa; Syriaca, etc.) 

Diaphoretic, expectorant, cathartic, diuretic, 
slightly tonic. 

Use. Employed extensively in some of the South- 
ern States in catarrh, pneumonia, pleurisy, con- 
sumption, acute rheumatism, autumnal remittents, 
and dysentery.^ 

Dose. Of the powder, gr. xx to gj, several times 
a day. As a diaphoretic, a teacupful of the decoc- 
tion every three or four hours, made by infusing gj 
of the roots in Oij of water. 
ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA. Bastard Ipecacu- 
anha. 

Emetic, cathartic, astringent. 

Dose. £)j to Qij. Expressed juice ^j. 
ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. Asparagus. 

Diuretic, aperient. 

Dose. gss. to gj of extract, or §j to f gij of syrup, 
prepared from the shoots. 
ASSAFCETIDA. Assafoetida. {Narthex assafoetida.) 

Antispasmodic, expectorant; emmenagogue; an- 
thelmintic when injected into the rectum. 

Use. Hysteria, tympanitis, asthma, dyspnoea, per- 
tussis, worms. 

Dose. In pill, gr. x to gss. : in solution, vide Mis- 
tura; in clyster, £ij dissolved in water f gviij. 



BAL 53 

ASTER PUNICEUS. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic. Used in rheumatism and 
catarrh. 
ATOMIZERS. By using medicated spray, many 
remedies may be brought in direct contact with the 
respiratory passages. To §j water use 10-30 grs. 
Alum; 10-20 grs. Muriate Ammonia; 3-10 TT\, 
Fluid ext. Hyoscyamus ; 2-10 TT^ Tinct. Opii; 1-10 
grs. Nit. Silver ; 1-20 grs. Tannin, etc. 
ATROPIA. Actiye principle of Belladonna. 

Use. One drop of a solution of gr. j to £iv of dis- 
tilled water with a few drops of acetic acid, applied 
to the inner surface of eyelid, dilates the pupil in a 
few minutes. 

Gr. j to 3J of lard as an ointment in neuralgia. 
ATROPINE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Atropia. 

Use same as Atropia, but more soluble. 
AURAXTII CORTEX. Orange-Peel. 

Use. A mild tonic, carminative, and stomachic. 
AVEX.E FARINA. Oatmeal. 

Oatmeal gruel is made by boiling §j in Oiij water 
to a quart (with a few raisins). Strain, cool, and 
pour off the clear liquor. Add sugar and lemon- 
juice. 
AZEDARACH. Bark of root Melia Azedarach. 

Use. Cathartic, emetic, anthelmintic — in large 
doses narcotic. 

Dose. Oii water to ^iv bark, boiled to Oj ; to a 
child a tablespoonful. 
BALSAMOI PERUVIANUM. Peruvian Balsam. 
(Mi/rospernium peruiferum.) 
Stimulant, tonic, expectorant. 

Use. In palsy ; chronic asthma, bronchitis, and 
rheumatism; gleet; leucorrhcea ; and externally for 
cleansing and stimulating foul, indolent ulcers. 



54 BEN 

Dose, rr^x to gss. twice or thrice a day, made into 
an emulsion with mucilage of gum. 
BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Tolu Balsam. 
(Myrospermum toluiferum.) 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. In chronic coughs ; but principally used on 
account of its flavor. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. triturated with mucilage. 
BAPTISIA TINCTOKIA. Wild Indigo. 

Antiseptic, laxative, emetic. 

Use. In scarlatina, gangrene, etc. 

Dose. f^ss. of decoction (Jj root to Oj water). 
BEBEERU. Bark of Nectandra Eodiei. 

The sulphate of bebeerin has been used in intermit- 
tent and remittent fevers. 

Dose. 2 to 5 grs. 
BELJ2 FEUCTUS. Bael fruit. {JSgU marmelos.) 

Astringent in diseases of the bowels. 

Dose. Of decoction gij to Oj, boiled to f^iv, f^j- 
f gij. Of extract f ^j to f £ij. 
BELLADONNA. Deadly Nightshade. (Atropa bel- 
ladonna.) 

Powerful narcotic, diaphoretic, diuretic, repellent. 

Use. In obstinate inter mitten ts, tic-douloureux, 
palsy, epilepsy, chorea, mania, gout, rheumatism, 
dropsy, jaundice, pertussis, and the cachexise; am- 
aurosis ; sprinkling the powdered leaves over can- 
cerous sores has been found to allay the pain ; and 
the leaves form a good poultice. Applied to the 
eye, in the form of infusion or solution of the ex- 
tract, to dilate the pupil previous to operations. 
The root is used for the same purpose as the leaves. 

Dose. Gr. ss. gradually increased to gr. j daily ; or 
f^ij of this infusion: R. Of the leaves J}j, hot water 
f ^x, strained cold. 
BENZOIN ODORIFERUM. Spice-bush. Fever-bush. 



bis 55 

Stimulant, aromatic, vermifuge. 

Used in decoction or infusion. 
BENZOINUM. Benzoin. (Styrax Benzoin.) 

Use. Principally for obtaining the acid it contains. 

Dose. Gr. x to £ss. 

Incomp. Alkalies, acids ; and so with all the bal- 
sams. 
BENZOLE. Benzin. (Hydruret of Phenyle.) A con- 
stituent of coal-gas tar. 

Use. Vapor is anaesthetic. With four parts of lard 
in scabies, etc. As a liniment in rheumatism and 
neuralgia. Used internally in trichiniasis. 
BERBER1S VULGARIS. Barberry. 

Refrigerant, astringent, antiscorbutic. 

The berries are used as a drink, and the juice as 
svrup. 
BETULA LENTA. Sweet Birch. Black Birch. 

Gently stimulant and diaphoretic. 
BISMUTHI SUBCARBONAS. Subcarbonate of 
Bismuth. 

Used as substitute for subnitrate. 

Dose. 15-45 grs., in water, before meals. 
BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. Subnitrate of Bismuth. 

Antispasmodic. Absorbent. Sedative. 

Dose. 5-15 grs. in pill, etc. 
BISMUTHI VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Bismuth. 

Use. In neuralgia and gastralgia. 

Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. ij in pill. 
BISTORT. Polygonum bistorta. 

Mild astringent. 

Dose. 20-30 s^rs. of powder. 
BISULPHATE OF POTASSA. 

Aperient tonic. 

Dose. 3j to ^ij. 
BISULPHURET OF CARBON. 

Diffusible stimulant. Vapor anaesthetic. 



56 CAD 

BITTERA FEBRIFUGA. Bitter Ash. 

Similar to Quassia. 
BOLE ARMENIAN. 

An argillaceous earth. Used chiefly in tooth- 
powders. 
BORAGO OFFICINALIS. Borage. 

Mucilaginous, gently diaphoretic. 

Dose, ^ij to §iv of expressed juice. 
BROMINIUM. Bromine. 

Like iodine, it stimulates the lymphatics, and pro- 
motes absorption. 

Use. In bronchocele, scrofula, etc. 

Dose. In aqueous solutions (1 part to 40 of water), 
6 drops several times a day. 
BRYONY. B. alba. 

Hydragogue, cathartic. 

Dose. §j to 3j of powdered root. 
BUCHU. Diosma. Leaves of Barosma crenata. 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In irritation of the bladder. 

Dose. 20 to 30 grs. powder, f ^j to f ^ij of infusion 
(gj to Oj boiling water), 3J of the fluid extract. 
BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS. Box. 

Diaphoretic, purgative. 

Dose, gj of leaves as a purge. 
CABBAGE-TREE BARK. Andira inermis. 

Cathartic vermifuge. 

Dose. Powder J)j to ^ss. Extract 3 grs. Decoction 

CACTUS GRANDIFLORA. Night-blooming Cereus. 
A tincture of fresh stems macerated a month in 
alcohol, used in functional palpitation of heart. 
Dose. 1 to 5 drops three times a day. 
CADMII IODIDUM. Iodide of Cadmium. 

Used in ointment, 1 part to 8 of lard, for enlarged 
glands, etc. A substitute for the iodide of lead. 



CAL 57 

CADMII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Cadmium. 

Kesembles sulphate of zinc as astringent and 
emetic. Used also in syphilis, rheumatism, and 
opacities of cornea. 
CAFFEA. Coffee. (C. Arabica.) 

Nervous stimulant. 

Dose. A cupful or more of infusion of gj to Oj 
boiling water. 
CAHINCA. Chiococca racemosa. 

Tonic, diuretic, purgative, emetic. 

Dose. Powder ^j to 3j. Extract 10 to 20 grs. 
CALAMINA. Calamine. Impure Carbonate of 

Zinc. 
CALAMINA PEJEPAEATA. Prepared Calamine. 

Use. A mild astringent in excoriations. 
CALAMUS AEOMATICUS. Sweet Flag-root. 

Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. In atonic dyspepsia with vertigo. 

Dose. 9j to 3j in powder. 
CALCIS CAEBONAS PE^CIPITATA. Precipi- 
tated Carbonate of Lime. 

Use the same as Creta Prseparata. 
CALCIS PHOSPHAS PE^ECIPITATA. Phosphate 
of Lime. 

Use. In scrofula, rickets, etc. 

Dose. 10 to 30 grs. 
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. Marigold. 

Antispasmodic, sudorific, emmenagogue. 

Used in infusion. 
CALLITEICHE VEENA. Water Star-wort. 

Diuretic. Given in decoction. 
CALOTEOPIS GIGANTEA. Asclepias gigantea. 

An East India remedy for cutaneous disease, syph- 
ilis, etc. 

Dose. 3 to 12 grs. three times a day. 
CALUMBA. Columbo. 



58 CAN 

Mild tonic. Used in dyspepsia, etc. 

Dose. 10 grs. to Qj. In flatulence, etc., an infusion 
of ,^ss. Calumba, gss. Ginger, £j Senna, and Oj boil- 
ing water. Give a wineglassful three times a day. 
CALX CHLOKINATA. Chlorinated Lime. Chlo- 
ride of Lime. Pass chlorine through lime until it is 
saturated. 

Use. As a disinfectant, and for bleaching purposes. 
CAMPHOBA. ^ Camphor. (C. officinarum.) 

Narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative; externally ano- 
dyne. 

Use. In typhus, cynanche maligna, confluent 
small-pox, and other exanthemata of the typhoid 
type ; in atonic gout, and as an adjunct to bark and 
opium in checking gangrene. It produces its nar- 
cotic and sedative effects with very little increase of 
pulse, and therefore may be used in mania, pneumo- 
nia, and other inflammatory complaints, united with 
nitre and antimonials. In doses of from 1 to 3 grains 
it acts as a diaphoretic. It is a useful adjunct to 
bark in typhoid diseases, to valerian, the fetid gums, 
volatile alkali, and others, in hysteric and nervous 
complaints, and to antimonials in rheumatism and 
other inflammations. Externally, it allays the pains 
of rheumatism and other deep-seated inflammations, 
when dissolved in oil. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with sugar, etc. ; 
in pills; or in mixture with mucilage, or almond 
confection ; the effects of an overdose are counter- 
acted by opium. For external application it is dis- 
solved in oil or in alcohol. 
CANELLA. CanellaBark. (0. alba.) 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. As an aromatic addition to bitter tonics and 
cathartics. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss. in powder; in infusion f^iss. 



CAR 59 

CANTHARIS. The Blistering Fly. 

Stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, vesicant; both 
their internal use and their external application are 
apt to produce strangury ; active properties depend 
on the cantharidin. 

Use. Internally in dropsies, obstinate gleet, and 
leucorrhoea; retention of the urine owing to want 
of action in the bladder, and incontinence of urine 
from debility of the bladder ; lepra ; but their inter- 
nal use requires caution. For their external use, see 
Empl., Tinctura, and Acetum Cantharidis. 

Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. j, in a pill, with opium or the 
extract of henbane and camphor, twice a day. 
CANTHARIS VITTATA. Potato Fly. 

Same as the former. There are several other spe- 
cies, all of which have the same properties. 
CAPSICUM. The Capsicum berries. (C. annuum.) 
Stimulant, rubefacient. 

Use. In atonic gout, the flatulence of dyspepsia, 
lethargy. Its solution (Capsici pulv. gj, Sodii Chlor. 
9j, Acet. giv, Aquse ferventis f§vj, Cola) forms the 
best gargle in cynanche maligna, and scarlatina. 
Cataplasms of it are used in coma and the delirium 
of typhus. 

Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x in pill, or fgss. of infusion. 
Incomp. Nitrate of silver, bichloride of mercury, 
acetate of lead, sulphates of iron, zinc, and copper, 
and the carbonates of alkalies. 
CARBO ANIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. (Prepared 
from flesh and bones.) 

Use. For decolorizing vegetable salts, clarifying 
salts, and extracting the volatile oil from whiskey 
and other liquors. 
CARBO LIGNI. Charcoal of Wood. 
Antiseptic, absorbent. 
Use. In putrid eructations of dyspepsia, obstinate 



60 CAR 

constipation ; to relieve the nausea of pregnancy, 
and as a cataplasm with linseed meal to fetid ulcers ; 
the best tooth-powder. 

Dose. Gr. x to J}j united with rhubarb. 
CAEDAMINE PEATENSIS. Cuckoo-flower. 

Antispasmodic, diuretic. 
CAEDAMOMUM. Cardamom Seed. {Elettaria car- 
damomum.) 

Carminative, stomachic. 

Use. In the flatulent colic of children, united with 
rhubarb and magnesia; but principally to give 
warmth to other remedies. 

Dose. Gr. v to ^j in powder. 
CAEOTA. t Carrot" Seed. 

Mild diuretic. 

Dose. 30 grs. to gj of bruised seeds. 
CAETHAMUS. Dyer's Saffron. ( G. tinctorius.) 

Laxative and somewhat diaphoretic. 

Use. As a substitute for saffron in measles, scar- 
latina, and other exanthematous diseases, to promote 
the eruption. 

Dose. Of an infusion of gij to a pint of boiling 
water, given without restriction as to quantity. 
CAEUM. Caraway Seeds. (O. carui.) 

Carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and to give warmth to 
purgatives. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj, swallowed whole, or in powder. 
CAEYA. Hickory. 

Astringent. Infusion of inner bark in dyspepsia 
and intermittents. 
CAEYOPHYLLUS. The Clove. {0. aromaticus.) 

Stimulant, aromatic. 

Use. As a corrigent to other remedies, and a con- 
diment. 

Dose. Gr. v to x, in powder. 



CAT 61 

CASCARILLA. Cascarilla Bark. (Croton Eleuteria.) 
Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. As an adjunct to chinchona in ague ; in ob- 
stinate diarrhoea, and after dysentery ; a good vehicle 
for powdered Peruvian bark, and small doses sul- 
phate magnesia and sulphuric acid, in debility of 
stomach attended with constipation ; in dyspepsia, 
and flatulent colic. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in powder. The infusion is the 
best form. 
CASSIA. Cassia Pulp. (C. fistula.) 
Laxative. 

Use. Where a gentle medicine is required in cos- 
tive habits, combined with aromatics. 
Dose, gi to Jj. 
CASTANEA. Chinquapin. (C. pumilla.) 

Tonic and astringent. Leaves of chestnut (C. vesca) 
similar. 

Use. In intermittents. 
CASTOREUM. Castor. 

Antispasmodic, emmenagogue. 
Use. In typhus, hysteria, epilepsy, amenorrhoea. 
Dose. Gr. x to J)j in a bolus ; gj, or more, in clys- 
ters ; of little value as a remedv. 
CATALPA CORDIFOLIA. Catawba Tree. 

Reputed poisonous, but has been used in asthma, 
giij or giv of seeds in gxij water, boiled to §vj, 
given morning and night. 
CAT ARIA. Catnip. Leaves of Nepeta Cataria. 
Tonic and excitant. 

Use. In domestic practice in amenorrhoea, colic, 
etc. 

Dose, gij in infusion. 
CATECHU. Catechu. (Acacia catechu.) 
Astringent, tonic. 
Use. In diarrhoea, from a relaxed state of the 



62 CER 

bowels, and in intestinal and uterine hemorrhages ; 
locally in aphthse, ulceration of the gums, and in 
coughs and hoarseness from the relaxation of the 
uvula, and epistaxis. 

Dose. Gr. x to £j in powder ; in the latter case, a 
piece is allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth ; but 
is best given with sugar, gum Arabic and water. 
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES. Blue 
Cohosh. 

Emmenagogue, diaphoretic. 

Dose, f gj to f^ij of infusion or decoction, f £j to 
f gij of tincture. 
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS. New Jersey Tea. 
Astringent. Used in syphilis in decoction (§ij 
to Oj). A strong infusion used in aphthae and dys- 
entery. 
CEDRON. Sinaba cedron. 

Used in Central America as antidote of the bite 
of serpents, in hydrophobia, and intermittents. 
Dose. 1 to 2 grs., or more. 
CELASTRUS SCANDENS. Climbing Staff-tree. 

Emetic, diaphoretic, narcotic. 
CENTAUREA BENEDICTA. Blessed Thistle. May 
be used as a tonic in cold infusion (§ss. of leaves to 
Oj). A stronger infusion taken warm in bed pro- 
motes diaphoresis. A still stronger infusion is emetic. 
CENTAURY. Erythroea cenlaurium. 
Tonic, like gentian. 
Dose. 30 grs. to 3j. 
CEPH AL ANTHUS' OCCIDENTALS. Button-bush. 

Laxative and tonic. 
CERA FLAVA ET CERA ALBA. Yellow Wax 
and White. 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In diarrhoea and dysentery ; but principally 
used in the formation of cerates and ointments. 



CHE 63 

Dose, ^j to gss. twice or thrice a day, in form of 
emulsion : melt the wax with a little oil, then trit- 
urate it with yolk of egg, and groat gruel f gij. 
CERATA. Cerates. 

See Pharmaceutical preparation, p. 175. 
CERII OXALAS. Oxalate of Cerium. 
Nervous tonic, in gastralgia, etc. 
Dose. 1-2 grs., in pill or solution. 
CETACEUM. Spermaceti. 
Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In coughs and dysentery ; and in the com- 
position of ointments. 

Dose. gss. to 3jss., rubbed up with sugar, or with 
an egg, in emulsion. 
CETRARIA. Iceland Moss. (C. islandica.) 

Tonic, demulcent, nutrient. See Decoct. Cetrar. 
CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. Celandine. 

Acrid, purgative, diuretic, diaphoretic. Used in 
jaundice. 

Dose. Gr. xxx, dried herb or root. 
CHELONE GLABEA. Balmony. 
Tonic, cathartic, anthelmintic. 
Dose. 3j fluid extract. 
CHENOPODIUM. Wormseed. (<7. anthelminticum.) 
Anthelmintic. 

Use. To destroy lumbrici in children, for which it 
is given morning and evening for three or four days ; 
then followed by calomel, or some brisk cathartic. 

Dose. Of the powdered seeds, from i^j to ^ij to 
a child two or three years old, in syrup ; of the oil, 
which is more frequently given, from 5 to 10 drops, 
mixed with sugar or in emulsion ; of the decoction, 
made by boiling gj of the fresh plant in Oj of milk, 
with the addition of orange-peel, or some other 
aromatic, a wineglassful, or a tablespoonful of tho 
expressed juice of the leaves. 



64 



CIM 



CHIMAPHILA. Pipsissewa. Leaves of Chimaphila 
Umbellata. 
Diuretic, tonic, astringent. 

Use. In urinary affections, scrofula, and rheuma- 
tism. 

Dose. Oj of decoction in 24 hours. 
CHIEETTA. Agathotes Chirayta. 
Similar to gentian. 
Dose. Of powder 20 grs. 
CHLOKAL. Chloral Hydrate. Hydrate of Chloral. 
Prepared from the action of Chlorine on Alcohol. 
Hypnotic and anodyne. 

Use. In delirium tremens and nervous diseases, to 
produce sleep. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj in syrup, etc. 

CHLOEOFOBM. Anesthetic. From the accidents 

which have occurred from its use, pure Sulphuric 

Ether, or one part chloroform, two parts ether, is 

preferable for the purpose of procuring insensibility 

. to the pain of surgical operations. 

Dose. For internal use n\x to f ^j. 
CHONDBUS. Irish Moss, Carrageen. A good sub- 
stitute for the Iceland Moss, which it closely re- 
sembles. (Macerate gss. of the moss ten minutes 
in cold water, turn it off, add Ojss. boiling water; 
boil to a pint, strain, and add sugar and lemon- 
juice to improve the flavor. Milk may be sub- 
stituted for water, if a more nutritious preparation 
be required.) 
CICHOEIUM INTYBUS. Chicory. 

Tonic, aperient. Used in jaundice and phthisis, 
in decoction (^j or ^ij to Oj). 
CICUTA VIEOSA. * Water hemlock. 
Acrid narcotic poison. 
Used externally in poultices or extract. 
CIMICIFUGA. Black Snakeroot. Cohosh. (G 
racemosa.) 



cin 65 

Tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, emmen- 
agogue. 

Use. Employed extensively in the United States, 
as a domestic remedy, in rheumatism, dropsy, chorea, 
hysteria, and especially in pulmonary affections, for 
which it has been regarded by some as a specific. 

Dose. Of the powder, gr. x to gj ; of the decoction, 
made by boiling gj of the bruised root in Oj of 
water, from f gj to f^ij may be given several times 
a day. 
CINCHONA. Peruvian Bark. ( C. /am — pallida — 
rubra. ) 

Strongly and permanently tonic and antiperiodic, 
slightly astringent, stomachic, and febrifuge. 

Use. In intermittents, after evacuating the stomach 
and bowels ; in continued fevers ; keeping the bowels 
clear; confluent small-pox; erysipelas; acute rheu- 
matism; cynanche maligna; scarlatina; passive 
hemorrhages ; and in every disease attended with 
deficient action. Externally in clysters, gargles, and 
lotions, in gangrenous ulcerations, etc. To check 
the nausea excited by it, wine, aromatics, and car- 
bonic acid are added ; to prevent purging, opium ; 
costiveness, rhubarb. 

Dose. Given in infusion, decoction, and extract, 
The latter is a good form, if well prepared; of this 
gr. iij to gr. x in pill, or dissolved in infusion of 
roses, or syrup of orange-peel, three times a day. 
Of the powder, J)j to giij in infusion of liquorice, or 
water. 
CINCHONIJE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Cinchonia. 

Similar to sulphate of quinia. 

Dose. 1 gr. to 15. 
CINNAMOMUM. Cinnamon Bark. Cassia. 

Stimulant, astringent, carminative, tonic. 

Use. As a grateful aromatic in dyspepsia and diar- 
5 



66 col 

rhoea ; to cover the taste of nauseous remedies, and 
with cathartics to prevent griping. The infusion 
checks vomiting. Chewed in palsy of the tongue. 
Dose. Gr. v to Qj in powder. 
CITRATE OF IRON AND MAGNESIA. 
Saline chalybeate. 
Dose. 5 to 10 grs. 
CITRATE OF SODA. 

Similar to Citrate of Magnesia. 
Dose. In diabetes gss. to gj. 
CLEMATIS ERECTA. Upright Virgin' s-bower. 
Diuretic and diaphoretic. Used in Bright' s disease. 
Dose, f^iv of infusion of giij of leaves to Oj water. 
COBWEB. Spider's web. 

Said to be antiperiodic, etc. 
Dose. 5 or 6 grs. in pill. 
COCCULUS INDICUS. 

Acrid narcotic poison. Used externally in tinea 
capitis, etc. 
COCCUS. The Cochineal Insect. The dried female. 
Use. Chiefly for giving a red color to tinctures, etc. 
In doses of ^ gr. in Hooping-cough. 
COCHLEARIA OFFICINALIS. Scurvy-grass. 

Stimulant, aperient, diuretic. 
COCOS BUTYRACEA. The plant which affords 
palm oil, or coco butter. 

This latter is of the consistence of an ointment, 
and is used as an excipient for suppositories and 
medicated pessaries. 
COFFEE. C. Arabica. 

Medically is excitant to the nerves, and resists the 

intoxicating effects of alcohol and opium. 

COLCH1CI RADIX ET SEMEN. The Bulb and 

Seeds of the Meadow Saffron. (Colchicum autumnale.) 

Narcotic, diuretic, cathartic. 

Use. In dropsies, gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, 



con 67 

bronchitis, and scarlet fever. Colchicum is rather 
palliative than curative in gout and rheumatism. 
It is a useful addition to saline medicines in fevers 
and all inflammations. It should be given in small 
doses combined with magnesia, and, if necessary, 
often repeated. 

Dose. Gr. ] to gr. v. of the recent bulb in pill. 
COLLINSOXI A CANADENSIS. Horse - weed. 
Heal-all. A decoction of fresh root used in catarrh 
of the bladder, leucorrhcea, dropsy, etc. ; and a 
poultice of leaves to bruises and the like. 
COLLODIUM. Collodion (a solution of gun-cotton 
in ether) ; an artificial epidermis. 

Cantharidal collodion, for blisters, is prepared by 
the addition of an ethereal solution of cantharides. 
COLOCYXTHIS. Bitter Cucumber Pulp. (Cucumis 
colocynthis.) 

Strongly cathartic, drastic, hydragogue. 
Use. Too violent to be used alone. When com- 
bined with calomel, extract of jalap, and gamboge, 
colocynth forms a highly efficient and safe cathartic, 
especially adapted to congestion of the liver and 
portal circle, and torpidity of this organ. In dropsy, 
and affections of the head, also highly useful. 
Dose. Gr. j to gr. v. 
COMPTONIA ASPLENIFOLIA. Sweet Fern. 

Tonic, astringent. A decoction used in diarrhoea. 
CONFECTIONES. $ Confections. 

See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 168. 
CONICAL Hemlock Leaves and Seeds. (0. Macu- 
latum.) 

Narcotic, poisonous in an overdose; resolvent. 
Use. As a palliative in cancer and scirrhus, scrof- 
ulous, and syphilitic ulcerations and swellings; per- 
tussis ; chronic enlargements of the liver and other 
abdominal organs; cutaneous affections; asthma; 



68 cop 

chronic pulmonary diseases, and neuralgic affections. 
Externally giij of the dried herb boiled in Oj of water 
as a fomentation to open scrofulous and cancerous 
ulcers ; or as a cataplasm, by adding linseed meal 
and oatmeal. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. iv of the powder, or from gtt. ij 
of the expressed juice, very gradually increased to 
3j. Of the extract, gr. j to gr. iv; to be reduced if it 
causes vertigo. The extract is the best form of admin- 
istering it ; it may be usefully combined with ipecac- 
uanha in pulmonary affections, where we wish to quiet 
cough and relieve bronchial irritation. 
CONTRAYERVA. Contrajerva Boot. (Dorslenia 
contrayerva.) 

Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. 

Use. In typhus, nervous fever; the fever of den- 
tition in weak infants ; and dysentery. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. 
CONVALLARIA 'MAJALIS. Lily of the Valley. 

Powdered leaves, sternutatory. 
CONVALLAEIA MULTIFLORA. Solomon's Seal. 

Tonic, mucilaginous, mildly astringent. Used in 
leucorrhoea, etc. 

Dose. Fluid extract ^ij to gv. 
CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS. Wild Potato. 

Feebly cathartic, diuretic. 

Dose. 40 grs. of dried root. 
COPAIBA. Copaiba Balsam. (C. officinalis.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, purgative in large doses ; acts 
on the urethra. 

Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, dysentery, 
and all affections of mucous membranes ; hemor- 
rhoidal affections. 

Dose. Tt\,x to fgj in emulsion with gum or yolk of 
egg; in pills, by mixing the copaiba with magnesia 
and exposing the mixture to the air. It is given 
also in gelatinous capsules. 



cot 69 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid. 
COPTIS. Goldthread. (C. trifolia.) 
Tonic. 

Use. In all cases where a simple tonic is required. 
In aphthous affections of the mouth and throat. 

Dose. Of the powder from gv. x to gr. xxx. Of 
the tinct. ^j, ^j root, Oj alcohol. 
CORALLORHIZA ODONTORHIZA. Coral-root. 
Stimulant, diaphoretic. 
Dose. 30 grs. of powder. 
CORIANDRUM. Coriander Seed. (C. sativum.) 
Carminative. 

Use. In flatulencies ; but chiefly to cover the taste 
of other medicines. 
Dose. 9j to ^j entire, or in powder. 
CORNUS FLORIDA. Dogwood. O. circinnata and 
C sericea are similar. 
Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In all cases to which Peruvian Bark is 
adapted, which it closely resembles, especially inter- 
mittents. 

Dose. May be given in powder, decoction, or ex- 
tract of the powder, from Qj to ^j. Infusion most 
employed. 
CORYDALIS FORMOSA. Turkey Corn. 

Alterative tonic. Used in syphilis, scrofula, etc. 
Dose. Of fluid extract 10 to 40 drops. 
CORYLUS ROSTRATA. Beaked Hazel. 

Anthelmintic. Used the same way as cowhage. 
COTULA. Mayweed. Wild chamomile. Herb of 
Anthemis Cotula. 

Antispasmodic, vesicant externally. Best given 
in infusion. 
COTYLEDON UMBILICUS. Navel-wort. 
Nervous tonic. Used in epilepsy. 
Dose. A tablespoonful of the juice daily. 



70 cub 

CKEASOTUM. Creasote. 

Use. Externally applied in rheumatism and neu- 
ralgia. Given in some stomachic affections, as 
dyspepsia, and anorexia, and to allay nausea and 
vomiting ; used externally in porrigo scutulata, and 
to relieve toothache ; also to foul ulcers and cancer- 
ous sores. 

Dose. From Tr\, j to TT^ij. 
CRETA PR^EPARATA. Prepared Chalk. Take 
of chalk a convenient quantity; add a little water 
to it, and rub it into fine powder ; throw this into 
a large vessel nearly full of water, stir briskly, and 
after a short interval pour the supernatant liquor, 
while yet turbid, into another vessel. Repeat the 
process with the chalk remaining in the first vessel, 
and set the turbid liquor by, that the powder may 
subside. Lastly, pour off the water, and dry the 
powder. 

Internally antacid ; externally absorbent. 

Use. In diarrhoea from acidity ; externally when 
sprinkled over burns, after the inflammation has 
subsided, and a poultice applied, the skinning over 
the sore is much hastened. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj or more. 
CROCUS. Saffron. ^ {C. sativa.) _ 

Stimulant, exhilarating ; diaphoretic, emmena- 
gogue. 

Use. In hysteria and other nervous affections; 
chiefly to impart color to officinal tinctures. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss. 
CUBEB^E. Cubebs. _ (Piper Cubebce.) 

Stimulant, purgative, diuretic. 

Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea. Also as 
a grateful stomachic, and carminative in disorders 
of the digestive organs. Cubebs have been recom- 
mended in every stage of gonorrhoea, but they are 



cup 71 



most safe and effectual in chronic diseases, and where 
the inflammation is confined to the mucous membrane 
of the urethra. If not speedily useful, they should 
be discontinued. 

Dose. From gr. x to gss. of the powder, every six 
hours. The volatile oil is sometimes substituted in 
the dose of ten or twelve drops, suspended in mucil- 
age, or sugar and water. 
CUOUKBITA CITEULLUS. Watermelon. 

Seeds used in strangury, and as a diuretic. In- 
fusion gj or ^ ij to Oj, ad lib. 
CUMIN SEED. 

Aromatic stimulant. 

Dose. 15 grs. to gss. 
CUNILLA MAKIANA. American Dittany. 

Used in warm infusions to promote perspiration, 
relieve colic, dysmenorrhea. 
CUPKI ACETAS. Acetate of copper. 

Tonic, stimulant, escharotic. 

Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic 
affections. 

Dose. Gr. J- gradually increased to gr. ij. 

Incomp. Alkalies, chalk mixture, sulphuric acid. 
CUPRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Copper. 

Tonic, emetic, astringent, escharotic, alterative, 
styptic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, and intermittent fever ; 
and to produce vomiting in incipient phthisis, in 
croup, and in poisoning; externally as a stimulant 
to ulcers and to take down fungus. A weak solution 
is sometimes used as a collyrium in ophthalmia, and 
as an injection in gleet. 

Dose. As a tonic, gr. J to gr. ij in a pill ; gr. ij to 
gr. x in fgij of water vomit. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths and their carbonates; 
sodae biboras ; salts of lead ; acetate of iron ; acetate 



72 DIA 

and diacetate of lead ; astringent vegetable infusions, 
decoctions and tinctures. 
CUPEUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Copper. 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Dose. \ to J gr. in pill. 
CUECUMA. The root of Turmeric. (0. Longa.) 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. In debilitated states of the stomach ; inter- 
mittent fever ; dropsy. 

Dose. From gss of the powder to £ij, three table- 
spoonfuls, three times a day, of an infusion made 
with giij of the root in Oj of water. 
CYCLAMEN EUEOPCEUM. Sow-bread. 

Drastic cathartic. 

Dose. 20-40 grs. 
CYDONIUM. Quince Seed. 

Mucilaginous. Used in poultice in conjunctivitis. 
CYNAEA SCOLYMUS. Garden Artichoke. 

Diuretic. 

Dose. Of tincture ^j, of extract 5 grs. 
CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE. Hound's Tongue. 

Used as demulcent and sedative. 
CYPEIPEDIUM PUBESCENS. Ladies' Slipper. 

Tonic, nervine, antispasmodic. In hysteria, etc. 

Dose. Of fluid extract gss. to Tj. 
CYTISUS LABURNUM. Laburnum. 

Purgative, emetic, poison. 
DAJAKOCH. Arrow poison of Borneo. 

Acts by poisoning the sympathetic ganglia of the 
heart. The Upas antiar of Java, on the heart itself. 
DECOCTA. Decoctions. 

See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 162. 
DELPHINIUM. Larkspur. D.consolida. 

Diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative. 

Dose. 10 drops of tincture, ^j to Oj. 
DIANTHUS CAEYOPHYLLUS. Clove-pink. 



DEA 73 

Slightly astringent. Used for coloring and flavor- 
ing syrup. 
DIGITALINUM. Digitalin. 

Dose, is or -+> gr. 
DIGITALIS. Foxglove. (D. purpura.) Stimulant, 
but afterwards sedative, diuretic, narcotic. In over- 
doses it occasions vomiting, purging, vertigo, delir- 
ium, convulsions, and death. 

Use. In inflammatory diseases; phthisis; active 
hemorrhages, and dropsies, unattended by palsy and 
unsound viscera. From its influence in lowering 
the pulse, digitalis has been much employed in pal- 
pitations and other affections of the heart, in mania, 
epilepsy, etc., also as an antispasmodic in pertussis 
and spasmodic asthma ; where there is a laxness of 
fibre, and pale countenance. 

Dose. Gr. j in a pill, united with ammoniacum, 
soap, calomel, or opium, every six or eight hours till 
the remedy acts by the kidneys. 
DIOSCOKEA VILLOSA. Wild Yam. 

Antispasmodic ; said to be specific in bilious colic, 
Dose. Of dioscorine 1 to 6 grains. 
DIOSPYROS. Persimmon. (D. Virginiana.) 
Astringent, tonic. 

Use. The decoction of the bark, in intermittents, 
and in the form of a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. 
The fruit, when green, is excessively astringent, and 
the juice may be advantageously employed where an 
astringent effect is desired. 
DRACONTIUM. Skunk Cabbage. (Symplocarpus 
foztidus.) 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, narcotic. 
Use. In asthma, chronic catarrh, rheumatism, 
hysteria, epilepsy, whooping-cough, and dropsy. In 
large doses it produces nausea and vomiting, with 
headache, vertigo, and dimness of vision. 



74 ERG 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx of the powdered root three 
or four times a day. It may also be given in infu- 
sion or syrup, in doses of from fgj to f giv. 
DULCAMAEA. Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet. 
(Solanum Dulcamara.) 
Diuretic, sudorific, narcotic, alterative. 
Use. In chronic rheumatism, humoral asthma, 
dropsy, lepra, scrofula, and jaundice. 

Dose. 9j to 3j, in powder ; in the form of extract, 
gr. v to gr. x. An overdose produces vomiting and 
delirium. 
ELATERIUM. Wild Cucumber. {Momordica ela- 
terium.) 

Violently cathartic, hydragogue, diuretic. 
Use. In dropsies. 

Dose. Gr. -j-^th to gr. \ in a pill, or \ gr. every hour 
till it operates ; or gr. j dissolved in %] alcohol, with 
4 drops of nitric acid, of which from 30 to 40 drops 
may be given in water. 
ELEMI. Canarium commune f 

A resin analogous to turpentines. 
EMPLASTRA. Plasters. 

See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 177. 
EPIG^EA REPENS. Trailing Arbutus. Ground 
Laurel. 

Used in the same way as Uva Ursi and Buchu. 
EPILOBIUM AUGUSTIFOLIUM. Willow-herb. 

Astringent tonic. 
EQUISBTUM HYEMALE. Horsetail. Scouring- 
rush. 

Diuretic, used in infusion. 
EKECHTHITES HIERACIFOLIA. Fire-weed. 

Used in dysentery. 
ERGOTA. Spurred Rye. 

Stimulant, acting chiefly on the muscular system 
of the uterus. Narcotic ; a narcotico-acrid poison. 



ERY 75 

Use. In parturition when the pains languish, and 
the uterine action becomes torpid, provided the os 
uteri be fully dilated, and the membranes ruptured. 
In leucorrhoea and uterine hemorrhage. 

Dose. 9j to 5jss. in cases of parturition ; gr. v to 
gr. x in leucorrhoea, three or four times a day. The 
most common way of giving Ergot is in decoction, 
3j of it bruised to J v j boiling water — boil ten min- 
utes; strain and sweeten, and give one-third every 
half hour — in parturient cases. Or, of the Tincture 
made by digesting gss. in ^ v j Rectified Spirit four 
days, 3j — of the oil, from twenty to fifty drops. 
ERIGEROK Fieabane. (E. Canadense.) 

Diuretic, tonic, astringent. 

Use. In dropsy and diarrhoea. Recommended in 
gravel and nephritic diseases, as well as dropsy. 

Dose. Of the powder, from £ss. to gj. Of the in- 
fusion, prepared in the proportion of gj of the leaves 
to Oj boiling water, from f^ij to f^iv. Aqueous 
extract, from gr. v to gr. x every few hours. 
ERODIUM CICUTARIUM. Storksbill. 

Used in decoction in dropsy. 
ERYNGIUM. Button Snakeroot. (E. aquaticum.) 

Diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic. 

Use. As an expectorant in pulmonary and catar- 
rhal affections ; its effects resemble those of Seneka 
Snakeroot. 
ERYTHRONIUM. Dog's Tooth Violet. (E. Ameri- 
canum.) 

Emetic. 

Dose. From gr. xx to gr. xxx of the powdered re- 
cent bulb, proves emetic; a smaller dose, expectorant. 
ERYTHROXYLON COCA. Coca. 

Leaves chewed in S. America. Nervous stimulant 
— extraordinary stories told of its effects in sustaining 
strength without food. 



76 FEE 

Dose, giij to giv in infusion. 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBOSUS. Australian Gum. 

Has been used in intermittents, etc. 
EUONYMUS ATKOPUKPUKEUS. Burning Bush. 
Wahoo. 

Tonic, laxative, alterative, diuretic, expectorant. 
Dose. As a diuretic in dropsy ; a wineglassful of de- 
coction or infusion (^j to Oj). Fluid extract ^j to ^ij. 
EUPATOEIUM. Thoroughwort. Boneset. \E. per- 
joliatum.) 

Tonic, diaphoretic, emetic, aperient, according to 
dose. 

Use. As a diaphoretic in catarrh and rheumatism ; 
in intermittents, and remittents, and inflammatory 
diseases ; as a tonic in dyspepsia and general debil- 
ity; given cold. 

Dose. As a tonic, from Qj to gj of the powdered 
leaves, or f ^j to f ^iv infusion ; as a diaphoretic, 
every two hours the infusion should be given warm, 
while the patient is covered in bed ; as emetic and 
cathartic, a strong decoction, in doses of Oss. or more. 
EUPHOEBIA. Spurge. (E. corollata.) 

The root is emetic and cathartic. In small doses, 
diaphoretic and expectorant. Inferior to ipecacu- 
anha as to safety, and to antimony as to certainty. 
Externally vesicant. 

Dose. Of the powder from gr. x to gr. xx ; as a 
cathartic, from gr. iij to gr. x. 
EXTRACTA. Extracts. 

See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 164. 
FEL BOYINUM. Ox Gall (Inspissated). 
Tonic, laxative. 
Use. In cases of deficient bile. 
Dose. Grs. v to x. 
FERMENTUM. Yeast. 

Externally used in poultices. 



FEE 77 

FEEKI CHLOEIDUM. Sesquichloride of Iron. 

Internally used in tincture. Stvptic in solution. 
FEEKI CITEAS. Citrate of Iron." 
A pleasant chalybeate. 
Dose. 5 grs. or more. 
FEEEI ET AMMONIJ3 CITEAS. Citrate of Iron 
and Ammonia. 

A pleasant and soluble chalybeate. 
Dose. 5 grs. several times a day. May be given 
with carbonated alkalies, and in effervescence with 
citric acid. 
FEEEI ET AMMOXLE SULPHAS. Ammonio- 
ferric Alum. 

Tonic and astringent. 
Dose. 3 to 15 grs. 
FEEEI ET AMMONLZE TAETEAS. Tartrate of 
Iron and Ammonia. 
A mild chalybeate. 
Dose. 10 to 30 grs. 
FEEEI ET POTASS.E TAETEAS. Potassio-tar- 
trate of Iron. 

A slightly laxative chalybeate. 
Dose. 10 grs. to gss. in solution. 
FEEEI ET QUISLE CITEAS. Citrate of Iron and 
Quinia. 

Combines the virtues of both bases. 
Dose. In pill or solution 5 or 6 grs. (equal to 1 gr. 
of Quinia) 3 or 4 times a day. 
FEEEI FEEEOCYAXIDUM. Prussian Blue. 
Tonic, febrifuge, alterative. 
Use. Intermittents, epilepsy, neuralgia. 
Dose. 3 to 5 grs. 
FEEEI IODIDUM. Iodide of Iron. 
Tonic, emmenagogue. 
Dose. Gr. j to viij. 
Use. In all cases of debility, in scrofula, incipient 



78 FER 

cancer, amenorrhea, secondary syphilis, mesenteric 
obstructions. A bad form of the preparation, which 
should only be kept in solution. 
FEKEI LACTAS. Lactate of Iron. 
Use. In chlorosis, etc. 
Dose. 1 to 2 grs., gradually. 
FERRI OXTDUM HYDRATUM. (Hydrated Ox- 
ide of Iron. Hydrated Sesquioxide of Iron.) Solu- 
tion of Tersulphate of Iron Oj, Aquae Ammon. Water, 
aa. q. s. Mix the solution with Oiij Water, and add 
Aq. Ammon. till in excess. Wash the precipitate 
till nearly tasteless. Mix the precipitate with water 
to measure a pint and a half. 

Use. An antidote for poisoning with arsenic and 
its salts ; acts by combining with arsenious acid, and 
rendering it insoluble. 

Dose. 3j frequently repeated. This preparation 
of iron will remove arsenic from its solution in water, 
by adding 12 grains of it for every grain of the ar- 
senic Of course, it must be given in large quanti- 
ties, and proportioned to the quantity of arsenic taken. 
FERRI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Iron. 

Use. A valuable tonic in amenorrhcea, and some 
forms of dyspepsia ; also in intermittents. 
Dose. Gr. v to gr. x. 
FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS. Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
An excellent chalybeate. 
Dose. 2 to 5 grs. in pill, water, or syrup. 
FERRI RED ACTUM. Powder of Iron. 

Dose. 3 to 6 grs. in pill or powder. 
FERRI SUBCARBONAS. 

Tonic, emmenagogue, alterative. 
Use. It is advantageously employed in tic dou- 
loureux and other forms of neuralgia, dyspepsia, 
chlorosis, chorea, and lately has been much recom- 
mended in cancer. One of our best chalvbeates. 



FEE 79 

Dose. Gr. v to gss. united with myrrh, bitter ex- 
tract, or some aromatic. 

Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. 
FEEEI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Iron. 

Tonic, emmenagogue, astringent, anthelmintic ; in 
large doses emetic. 

Use. In diseases of general debility, amenorrhea, 
with a weak, languid pulse; diabetes; in clysters 
against ascarides. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. v, combined with myrrh, ammo- 
niacum, and bitter extracts. 

Incomp. The earths, chloride of calcium, chloride, 
of barium, alkalies and their carbonates, biboras soda?, 
nitras argenti, acetas plumbi, soaps, tannin. 
FEEEI SULPPIAS EXSICCATA. Dried Sulphate 
of Iron. 

Used for making pills. 3 grs. equal to 5 of crystal. 
FEEEI SULPHUEETUM. Sulphuret of Iron. 

Used for preparing sulphuretted hydrogen, by 
dissolving in dilute sulphuric or muriatic acid. 
FEEEUM. Iron. 

Tonic, deobstruent ; anthelmintic ; producing fetid 
eructations, owing to its meeting with acid in the 
stomach, which oxidizes it, and evolves sulphuretted 
hydrogen gas. 

Use. In general debility, dyspepsia, hysteria, chlo- 
rosis, worms, and in passive hemorrhages. It can 
prove useful only when it is oxidized, which is known 
by the eructations and black fasces. 

Dose. Of the filings gr. v to J)j> with some aromatic 
powder ; or in the form of electuary with honey ; or 
pills with extract of gentian. 

Quevenne's Metallic Iron (Ferrum per Hydrogen) 
— the most useful form. Dose. Gr. ij in pill afte^* 
each meal 
FEEEUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Iron. 



80 GAL 

An aperient chalybeate. 
Use. Amenorrhea, epilepsy, scrofula, etc. 
Dose. 4 to 12 grs. several times a day. 
FICUS. Figs. 

Nutritious, laxative, demulcent. 
FILIX MAS. Male Fern Eoot. (Aspidium filix mas.) 
Anthelmintic. 

Use. In tinea lata, and cucurbitina; but perhaps 
more is to be attributed to the active purgatives with 
which it is generally followed. 

Dose, ^ij to ^iij of the solid part of the powdered 
root taken in the morning, and soon after it a strong 
cathartic of gamboge or jalap, worked off with green 
tea. This was Madame Nouffer's celebrated rem- 
edy. 
FGENICULUM. Fennel. (F. vulgare.) 
Carminative, diuretic. 
Use. In flatulencies. 

Dose. 9j to 3j, bruised, to Oj boiling water. 
FRASERA. American Columbo. {F. Walteri.) 
A mild and valuable tonic. 
Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is needed. 
Dose. Of the powder, from gss. to £j ; of the in- 
fusion, made with ^j of the bruised root to Oj boiling 
water, §j to §ij several times a day. 
FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR. Ash. 

Used in gout and rheumatism, ^j of leaves in 
Oss. boiling water 3 times a day. 
FUCUS VESICULOSUS. Bladder wrack. 

Has been used in scrofula, etc., and for diminishing 
obesity. 

Dose. 20 grs. of powder, or equivalent of extract, 
3 times a day. 
FUMARIA OFFICINALIS. Fumitory. 

A decoction of leaves in hepatic and skin diseases. 
GALANOAL. Galanga. 



GAM 81 

Stimulant, aromatic. 
Dose. 15 to 30 grs. 
GALBANUM. Galbanum Gum-Eesin. 

Internally antispasmodic, expectorant ; externally 

resolvent, discutient. 

Use. In hysteria, particularly that which, attends 
irregular and deficient menstruation; chlorosis, ex- 
ternally to indolent tumor?. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^j in pills, or emulsion. 
GALEGA OFFICINALIS. Goat's rue. 

Diaphoretic, anthelmintic. 
GALIUM APARINE. Cleavers. Goose-grass. _ 

Expressed juice aperient, diuretic, antiscorbutic. 

Dose, giij, twice a day. 
GALL-E. Galls. 

Powerfully astringent, tonic. 

Use. They have been used in diarrhoea, intestinal 
hemorrhages, and intermittents ; but they are prin- 
cipally employed in gargles and injections; and the 
powder to form an ointment for piles, in the propor- 
tion of ^ij to lard §ij, and powdered opium gj. 

Dose. When exhibited internally, gr. x to Jj, twice 
or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Lime-water, potassse carbonas, plumbi 
acetas, et diacetatis, cupri sulphas, argenti nitras, 
ferri iodidum, ferri sulphas, antimonii potassio-tar- 
tras, hydrargyri nitras. hydrargyri bichloridum, in- 
fusum cinchona?, solution of isinglass, solution of 
opium ; all of which precipitate the infusion of galls. 
GAMBOGIA. Gamboge. 

Drastic cathartic, emetic, hydragogue, anthelmin- 
tic. 

Use. In visceral obstructions and dropsy. In 
tapeworm, with carbonate of potassa. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with calomel, pills, 
etc. 

6 



82 GEU 

GAULTHERIA. Partridge Berry. (G. procumbens.) 
Stimulant, cordial, astringent, emmenagogue. 
Use. In diarrhoea, amenorrhea ; but chiefly to 
flavor other medicines. 

Dose. Of the infusion, f^ij to f^iv ; oil, tr^ij to 

GELSEMIUM. Yellow Jasmine. (G. Sempervivens.) 

An excellent febrifuge. 

Used in neuralgia, headache, chorea, etc. 

Dose. Fluid extract, 3 to 20 drops. Tincture 10- 
30 drops. 
GENTIANA. Gentian root. (Q. lutea.) 

Tonic, stomachic, in large doses aperient; anti- 
septic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, hysteria, jaundice ; gout, united 
with aromatics ; chlorosis, with chalybeates ; and 
dropsies, with squill and neutral salts. Externally 
in putrid ulcers. 

Dose. Gr. x to 7)ij. Vide Infusion, etc. 
GENTIANA CATESB^EI. Blue Gentian. 

Similar to the last. 
GERANIUM. Crane's Bill. {G. maculaturn.) 

A powerful astringent. 

Use. Diarrhoea, and in the second stage of dysen- 
tery after evacuants; cholera infantum; passive 
hemorrhages. An elegant remedy in cases of infants, 
or of persons with very delicate stomachs. Locally, 
to indolent ulcers, an injection in gleet and leucor- 
rhoea, a gargle in relaxation of the uvula and aphthous 
ulcerations of the throat. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx ; of 
the decoction, from gj to §ij. It maybe given to 
children, boiled in milk. 
GEUM. Water Avens. ( G. rivale.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, passive hemor- 
rhages, general debility. 



GOL 83 

Dose. Of the powdered root, from Jj to 3J three 
times a day ; of the decoction, made with %] of the 
root to Oj of water, from f^j to fgij ; a weak decoc- 
tion is sometimes made by invalids as a substitute 
for coffee. 
GILLEXIA. Indian Physic. American Ipecac. 
(G. trifoliate.) 

Emetic, cathartic ; in small doses tonic. 
Use. As a mild emetic where such medicines are 
indicated; as a substitute for ipecacuanha. 

Dose. Of the powdered root, as an emetic, from gr. 
xx to gr. xxx, repeated every twenty minutes, till it 
operates : as alterative and tonic, from gr. v to gr. xv. 
GLECHOMA HEDERACEA. Ground-Ivy. 
In chronic diseases of lungs and kidneys. 
Dose. ^ss. to 3j. 
GLOBULARIA ALYPUM. Wild Senna of Europe. 
Cathartic and tonic. 
Dose. 3J in decoction. 
GLYCERATES. 

See Pharmaceutical preparations, p. 173. 
GLYCERIN A. Glycerine. Sweet principle of oils. 
Demulcent, antiseptic. 
Use. Externallv, in skin diseases, etc. 
GLYCYRRHIZA/ Liquorice root. (G. glabra.) 
Demulcent. 

Use. In catarrh ; but it is generally combined with 
other mucilages, and is a pleasant and useful demul- 
cent. 

Dose. Of the powder, gss. to §j. 
GXAPHALIUM MARGARITACEUM. Life-ever- 
lasting. 

Used as tea in pectoral and bowel complaints, and 
as poultice in bruises, etc. 
GOLD. Aurum. 

The preparations of gold are powerfully alterative, 
and have been but little studied. 



84 GUA 

GOSSYPIUM. Cotton. (G. herbaceum.) 

Used in burns and to blisters, but often acts as 
an irritant in such cases. A solution of gun-cotton 
in ether forms collodion. A fluid extract used as 
emmenagogue and abortive. 

Dose. Of tinct. gj. 
GRANATUM. Pomegranate Bark and Flowers, and 
bark of the root. (Panica granatum.) 

Astringent, anthelmintic. 

Use. In chronic and colliquative diarrhoeas, and 
the protracted stage of dysentery ; for tapeworm ; 
externally, as an injection in leucorrhoea, and gargles 
in angina. 

Dose. In substance, gss. ; of a decoction fjss., 
every three hours. 

Incomp. Sulphate of iron, iodide of iron, nitrate of 
silver, acetates of lead. 
GRINDELIA EOBUSTA. 

Used in California for asthma ; also as an antidote 
to effects of poison- oak. 

Dose. A wineglassful of syrup from decoction. 
GUA CO. (Mikania Guaco.) 

Used as antidote to serpent-bites, etc. 

Dose. ^ss. to 3J of tinct. 
GUAIACI RESINA ET LIGNUM. Guaiacum 
Resin and Wood. (G. officinale.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic ; in large doses purgative. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous dis- 
eases, and the sequela of lues venerea. 

Dose. To produce its first effects, gr. v to Qj in 
pills, or in emulsion made with mucilage or yolk of 
egg ; to purge, gr. xv to gj, in the same form. 

Incomp. The mineral acids. 
GUANO. Bird Manure. 

Has been used as cataplasm in chronic inflamma- 
tion. 



HEL 85 

GUTTA-PEBCHA. Isonandra gutta. 

Used for utensils, bandages, splints, etc. 
A solution in bisulphuret of carbon as an artificial 
cuticle. (See Liquor Gutta-Percha.) Also as a ve- 
hicle for caustics. 
H^EMATOXYLON. Logwood. (H. campechianum.) 
Astringent, tonic. 

Use. In the protracted stage of diarrhoea and 
dysentery, under the form of decoction. (R. Of the 
shavings %], water Oij. Boil to Oj, and strain.) 
Dose, f 3j to f^ij every three or four hours. 
Incomp. The mineral acids, acetic acid, solution 
of alum, sulphate of iron and of copper, acetate of 
lead, antimonii potassio-tartras. Opium, decoction 
of cinchona flava. 
HAMAMELIS VIBGINICA. Witch-hazel. 
Astringent, sedative, discutient. 
Used in hemorrhages and piles. For the latter, 
equal parts of this bark, white oak bark, and bark 
of the apple-tree, in decoction, made up with lard. 
HEDEOMA. Pennyroyal. (H. pulegioides.) 

An aromatic stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, em- 
men agogue. 

Dose. Of infusion, ad libitum. Oil from TT\J to 
n\,x. 
HEDEBA HELIX. Ivy. 

Stimulant and emmenagogue. 
HELEBOBUS FCETIDUS. Bear's-foot. 
Anthelmintic. 

Dose. 5 grs. to J)j of dried leaves, or in decoction. 
HELENIUM AUTUMNALE. False Sun-flower. 

Errhine. 
HELIANTHEMUM. Frostwort. (H. Canadense.) 
Tonic and astringent. 
Dose. 2 grs. of extract. 
HELLEBOBUS. Black Hellebore Boot. (H. niger.) 



86 HIE 

Cathartic, hydragogue, emmenagogue. 

Use. In mania and melancholia, dropsy, and in 
suppression of the menses in plethoric habits ; but it 
may be questioned whether it is equal to jalap, etc 
It is seldom obtained genuine. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qij purge strongly; to produce its 
other effects, gr. ij to gr. iij, three times a day. Sel- 
dom used in substance. 
HELONIAS DIOICA. False Unicorn. Starwort. 

In atony of generative organs. 

Dose. 3j of powdered root. 
HEMIDESMI EADIX. Indian Sarsaparilla. 

Tonic, diuretic, alterative. 

Dose. Wineglassful of infusion (^ij to Oj). 
HEP A TIC A. Liverwort. (H. Americana.) 

Demulcent, slightly tonic, astringent, diuretic, has 
no very active virtues. 

Use. In chronic coughs, haemoptysis and hepatic 
affections. The empirical preparations of this plant 
owe their efficacy to opium, which they contain in 
considerable quantities. 
HEKACLEUM. Masterwort. (H. lanatum.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In epilepsy, attended with flatulence and 
gastric disorder. 

Dose, gij to giij of the powdered root daily, long 
continued, with a strong infusion of the leaves at 
bedtime. 
HEUCHEEA. Alum Eoot. (K Americana.) 

Very astringent. 

Use. Where astringents are indicated ; as a local 
application to ulcers and cancer ; also as a styptic. 
HIBISCUS ABELMOSCHUS. A. moschatus. 

Used in perfumery. A. esculentus is cultivated as 
okra, or gombo, for culinary purposes. 
HIEEACIUM VENOSUM. Eattlesnake-weed. 



HYD 87 

Supposed antidote to rattlesnake bite. 

Dose. Wineglassful of infusion ( t ^ij to Oj). 
HIKUDO. The leech. 

Properties well known. 
HOEDEUM. Barley. 

Demulcent, nutritious. 
HUMULUS. Hops. (H. lupulus.) 

Narcotic, anodyne, diuretic. 

Use. In gout and rheumatism ; under the form of 
infusion in the proportion of gss. to Oj of boiling 
water; but the extract is preferable. The powder, 
formed into an ointment with lard, is said to ease the 
pain of open cancer. A pillow stuffed with hops is 
an old mode of procuring sleep in the wakefulness 
of delirious fever. Its power has been overrated. 

Dose. Gr. iij to J)j united with gss. of cinnamon 
water, twice or thrice a dav ; of the infusion, §jss. 
HUKA BEASILIENSIS. ~Assacon. 

Emeto-cathartic. 
HYDEANGEA AEBOEESCENS. Hydrangea. 

Proposed as a specific in gravel, or beginning of 
calculi. 

Dose. Fluid extract, ^j to gij. 
HYDEAEGYEI CHLOBIDUM COEEOSIVUM. 
Corrosive Sublimate. 

Stimulant, antisyphilitic, alterative. 

Use. In venereal complaints with the greatest ad- 
vantage, when a quick and general action is required ; 
but its effects are not permanent. In lepra, com- 
bined with antimonials ; and in chronic rheumatism. 
Dissolved in the proportion of gr. iij to water Oj, as 
a gargle in venereal sore throats ; and a little stronger 
we have found it useful as a gargle in breaking the 
abscess in cynanche tonsillaris. It is applied exter- 
nally to tetters, and for destroying fungus ; gr. iv in 
water Oj is a good wash in scabies. It may be given 



88 HYD 

clysterwise, when the stomach will not bear it. Great 
caution is necessary in using it externally. 

Dose. Gr. y 1 ^ to \, made into a pill. When swal- 
lowed as a poison, the best antidote is white of egg. 
(Orfila.) 

Incomp. Vide Liquor Bichloridi. 
HYDEAKGYKI CHLOEIDUM MITE. Chloride 
of Mercury, or Calomel. (A chloride by sublimation.) 
Calomelas. (In prescribing, it is perhaps safest to 
use the term Calomelas.) 

Antisyphilitic, alterative ; in large doses purgative. 

Use. In venereal diseases and chronic hepatitis, 
combined with opium; in scrofula with cicuta; in 
convulsive affections with opium, camphor, assa- 
foetid a, etc. ; in dropsies with squill, foxglove, and 
elaterium ; and in rheumatism and lepra with anti- 
monials, guaiacum, and other sudorifics. As a pur- 
gative in any case not attended with intestinal in- 
flammation ; generally united with purgatives, as 
gamboge, scammony, jalap, or rhubarb. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. ij, night and morning, in a pill ; 
if it do not purge it gradually excites ptyalism ; gr. 
iij to gr. x purge. Children bear larger doses than 
adults proportionally. A powder made by tritura- 
ting it with 10 times its weight of sugar acts as a 
laxative in doses of 10 grs., and l.to 2 grs. as a mild 
alterative in cholera infantum, etc. 

Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, alkalies 
and their carbonates, lime-water, soaps, sulphurets, 
iron, lead, copper. The bicarbonates of the alkalies 
do not decompose it. 
HYDEAKGYKI CYANIDUM. Cyanide of Mer- 
cury. 

Dose. T V gr. 
HYDEAEGYEI IODIDUM VIEIDE. Iodide of 
Mercury. Protiodide of Mercury. 



HYD 89 

• 

Excitant, alterative. 

Use. In strumous affections and lepra ; as an ex- 
ternal application. The iodides of mercury are among 
our most powerful alteratives, uniting in their effects 
the properties of both their constituents. They affect 
the mouth more speedily than other mercurials, 
and are particularly indicated in scrofula and sec- 
ondary syphilis, in scrofulous habits. Externally, 
they are used successfully in ulcers, ill-conditioned 
sores, swelled joints, where we wish to promote the 
action of the absorbents ; and neuralgic affections. 

Dose. Gr. J to gr. ij, in pill or dissolved in alcohol. 
HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Red Iodide 
of Mercury. (Biniodide of Mercury.) 

Dose. Gr. ^ to J. 
HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Red Oxide 
of Mercury. Red precipitate. 

Used externally. 
HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. Black Ox- 
ide of Mercury. 

In scrofula, cutaneous affections, and as an altera- 
tive in venereal diseases. 

Dose. Gr. \ to J. 
HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS FLAVA. Yellow Sul- 
phate of Mercury. (Turpeth Mineral.) 

Prop. A lemon-yellow powder, almost insoluble in 
water; entirely dissipated by heat, sulphuric acid 
being evolved, and metallic globules sublimed. 
HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM. Sul- 
phuret of Mercury. (Ethiops Mineral.) 

Alterative. 

Use. In scrofula and cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss. 
HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM. 
Cinnabar. 

Sometimes used in fumigation as a sialagogue. 



90 HYD 

HYDEAEGYEUM AMMONIATUM. Ammonio- 
chloride, or White Precipitated Mercury. White 
precipitate. (A binoxide, combined with bichloride 
of mercury and ammonia, forming a triple salt.) 

Detergent. 

Use. As an external application, united with lard. 
In scabies, and some other cutaneous affections. 
HYDEAEGYEUM CUM CEETA. Mercury with 
Chalk. (A protoxide, formed by trituration with car- 
bonate of lime.) Take of Mercury ^iij, Prepared 
Chalk §v. Eub together till all the globules disap- 
pear. 

Alterative, antisyphilitic. 

Use. In porrigo, and other cutaneous affections ; in 
venereal complaints its operation is so slow and weak 
as to merit no attention. An alterative in visceral 
diseases of children, especially in chronic diarrhoea 
and cholera infantum. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss., twice a day, in any viscid sub- 
stance. 

Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. 
HYDEAEGYEUM CUM MAGNESIA. Mercury 
with Magnesia. (A protoxide, formed by trituration 
with carbonate of magnesia.) 

In every respect this preparation resembles the 
former ; the employment of the carbonate of magne- 
sia instead of chalk, does not alter the properties nor 
the virtues of the remedy. 
HYDEASTIS CANADENSIS. Yellow Eoot. 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In infusion, as Collyria, to old ulcers, in gon- 
orrhoea, gleet, etc. 

*Dose. Injection of infusion. (§ss. Hydrastis, in 
powder, §viij Cold Water) four or five times a day, 
after urination, in gonorrhoea and gleet, fgj of fluid 
extract, in dyspepsia, etc. 



ICH 91 



HYDEOCOTYLE ASIATICA. Thick-leaved Penny- 
wort. 

Diuretic. 

Dose. ,§j to Oj of boiling water, dailv. 
HYOSCYAMI FOLIA ET SEMINA. Henbane 
Leaves and Seeds. (H. niger.) 

Xarcotic, anodyne, antispasmodic, slightly stimu- 
lant. 

Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, palpitation, palsy, mania, 
and scirrhus, as a substitute for opium to procure 
sleep in nervous habits, pertussis, asthma, catarrh, 
gout, rheumatism, externally as a cataplasm in cancer 
and glandular swellings; and to dilate the pupil, or 
in fine powder sprinkled on cancerous sores, to allay 
pain. 

Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x of the powder ; but generally 
the extract is preferred. 
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. St, Johnswort. 

Astringent. 

L^sed in domestic practice in doses of gij of the 
summits. 
HYPOPHOSPHITES. The hypophosphites of lime 
and soda have been extensively used in tuberculosis, 
etc. For defects in the osseous system, they seem 
well adapted. 

Dose. 10-30 grs. 3 times a dav. 
HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS. Hyssop. 

Stimulant, aromatic. Used in infusion. 
IBER1S AMARA. Bitter Candy-tuft, 

Used in rheumatism, asthma, and dropsy. 

Dose. Of seeds 1-3 grs. 
ICHTHYOCOLLA. Isinglass. Sounds of the swim- 
ming-bladders of fishes, as the Weak Fish and Cod, 
but especially the different species of sturgeon. 

Nutritive, demulcent, externally adhesive. 



92 iod 



Use. As a diet for the sick and convalescent, and 
infants troubled with acidity of the primse vise. As 
an article of diet and in cholera infantum, far prefer- 
able to vegetable farinaceous substances, as arrowroot, 
etc. The English court-plaster is made with it. 

Incomp. Astringent vegetable infusions, carb. potash, 
alcohol. 
IGNATIA. Ignatia bean. 
Similar to Nux Vomica. 
Dose. Of Extract J gr. to 1 gr. 
ILEX OPACA. American Holly. 

The bitter principle, ilisin, has been proposed as a 
substitute for quinia. 
IMPATIENS FULVA. Touch-me-not. 

An ointment made by boiling the plant in lard, 
used in piles. 
IMPEKATOBIA OSTKUTHIUM. Masterwort. 

Stimulant, aromatic. 
INFUSA. Infusions. See Pharmaceutical prepara- 
tions, p. 155. 
INDIGO. 

Has been used in epilepsy, etc. 
Dose. 9j to gj. 
INULA. Elecampane. (I. helenium.) 
Tonic, diuretic, expectorant. 
Use. In dyspepsia, paralysis, dropsies, asthma. 
Dose. 9j to 5j in powder. 
IODIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
Similar to Iodide of Potass. • 
Dose. 1-3 grs. 
IODIDE OF ANTIMONY. 
Alterative. 
Dose. J gr. to 1 gr. 
IODIDE OF BAEIUM. 
Alterative. 
Dose. \ gr. to 2 grs. 



iod 93 

IODIDE OF CALCIUM. 

Used in tuberculosis, etc. 
Dose. 1-4 grs. 
IODIDE OF SILVER. 

Substitute for internal use of Nit. Silv. 
Dose. 1-2 grs. 

iodide of Sodium. 

A substitute for Iod. Potass. 
IODIDE OF STARCH. 

Vehicle for large doses of Iodine. 
IODIDE OF ZINC. 

Externally to enlarged tonsils (10-20 grs. to f §j 
water I . 
IODIXIUM. Iodine. 

Stimulant, absorbent, eminenagogue, alterative. 
Use. In bronchocele and other glandular swellings, 
not of scirrhous nature, scrofula, dropsy, cutaneous 
diseases, secondary syphilis, rheumatism, gout, hepa- 
titis ; to bring on menstruation in young females in 
whom it has not occurred ; to assist the cicatrization 
of venereal ulcers. 

Dose. From gr. i to gr. i, in solution with Iod. 
Potass. 
IODOFORM. Teriodide of Formyle. 

As ointment, suppository, etc., in painful affections. 

Anodyne, in addition to virtues of Iodine. 

10 DO - HYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM. — 

(Iod. Potass, grs. iiiss.. Biniodide Mercury grs. ivss., 

Aqua destil. f 3 j . Dissolve first the red Iod. Merc, 

then the Iod. Potass. This solution contains grs. viij.) 

Use. In pulmonary complaints, dyspepsia, ainen- 

orrhcea, etc. Increases all the secretions. A most 

admirable remedy. 

Dose. 2 to 10 drops of the solution three times a 
day in syr. sarsaparilla. 



94 JAL 

IODO-TANNIN. 

Used externally in solution, and internally in form 
of syrup. 
IPECACUANH^E BADIX. Ipecacuan Boot. (Ce- 
phcelis Ipecac.) 

Emetic in large doses; sudorific, expectorant, in 
smaller. 

Use. To produce vomiting in the commencement 
of fevers, phthisis, inflammatory diseases, buboes, 
swelled testicles, and before the paroxysms of ague; 
to excite nausea in dysentery, asthma, pertussis, 
hemorrhages, pneumonia, and combined with opium, 
to produce diaphoresis in rheumatism, gout and 
febrile disorders. 

Dose. For the first intention, gr. xx, alone, or 
united with tartar emetic gr. j ; for the second, gr. j 
to gr. iij ; and the third, gr. ij to gr. vj, with opium 

Incomp. Vegetable acids, astringent vegetable in- 
fusions. 
IBIS FLOBENTINA. Florentine Orris. 

Peculiar fragrant odor, bitterish, acrid taste. 

Oper. Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. 

Use. In dropsy ; but chiefly used for its fragrance 
in tooth-powder, to correct an offensive breath; to 
keep up a discharge from issues in the form of small 
round balls. 
IBIS VEBSICOLOB. Blue Flag. 

Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. 

Use. But seldom employed, owing to the distress- 
ing nausea and prostration it occasions. 

Dose. Dried root, gr. x to gr. xx. 
JALAPA. Jalap. (Ipomea jalapa.) 

Cathartic ; the resinous part gripes violently. 

Use. In costiveness, mania, worms, and as a hy- 
dragogue in dropsy. It is also a good adjunct to 



KIN 95 

quicken the operation of the chloride of mercury, 
and other purgative? of slow operation. A drop of 
essential oil prevents its griping. 

Dose. Gr. x to j^ss. in pills or a bolus. 
JEFFERSOXIA DIPHYELA. Twin-leaf. 

Not unlike seneka in effect. 
JUGLANS. Butternut. J. einerea.) 

Cathartic : operating without pain or irritation, 
resembling rhubarb. 

Use. In habitual costiveness : fevers, combined 
with calomel ; hepatic diseases with dandelion. 

Dose. Gr. xx to gr. xxx as a purge, gr. v, laxative. 
JUNIPERUS. Juniper Fruits and Tops. ' (J. Com- 
munis.) 

Diuretic, carminative, diaphoretic. 

Use. In dropsies : but they cannot be depended on 
alone, although they are an admirable adjunct to 
digitalis and squills. 

Dose. 9j to gss., triturated with sugar, three or 
four times a day. The best form of exhibiting the 
fruit is an infusion made with 3 iij bruised, and boil- 
ins: water Oj. 
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIAN A. Eed Cedar. 

Stimulant, emmenagogue, diuretic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In amenorrhea, chronic rheumatism, dropsy ; 
externally, as an irritant ointment, made by boiling 
the fresh leaves in twice their weight of lard, and 
adding a little wax ; or the dried leaves may be 
mixed with six times their weight of resin cerate. 
Applied to blistered surfaces to keep up a purulent 
discharge ; inferior to the savine. 
KALMIA LATIFOLLA. Mountain Laurel. 

Has been used in diarrhoea, syphilis, and cutane- 
ous eruptions ; but is too dangerous. 
KIXO. Pterocarpus marsupium. 

Astringent. 



96 LEP 

Use. In obstinate chronic diarrhoeas ; uterine, in- 
testinal, and pulmonary hemorrhages, fluor albus. 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx in powder ; or in solution of 
the powder gj, mucilage of gum f gj, cinnamon water 
f ^v ; two tablespoonfuls occasionally. Vide Tinct. 

Incomp. The mineral acids, alkalies and their car- 
bonates ; acetates of lead, nitrate of silver, tartar 
emetic, sulphate of iron, bichloride of mercury. 
KOOSO. Flowers of Brayera anthelmintica. 
An Abyssinian vermifuge of great repute. 
Dose. Jss. to an adult, followed by a cathartic. 
KRAMEBIA. Ehatany Eoot. (K. triandra.) 
Astringent, diuretic, detergent. 
Use. In dysentery attended with bloody stools ; in 
ulceration of the gums, and as a stomachic in dys- 
pepsia. 

Dose. ^ss. to 5j in powder. 
LACTUCABIUM. 

Narcotic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In coughs, phthisis pulmonalis, and all pain- 
ful affections. 

Dose. From grs. ij to grs. vj. 
LAPPA. Burdock. (L. minor.) 
Aperient, diaphoretic. 

Dose. Of decoction (gij bruised root in Oiij water 
boiled to Oij) Oj during the day. 
LAVANDULA. Lavender Flowers. (L. vera.) 

Stimulant, slightly errhine. 
LEONTICE THALICTEOIDES. Blue Cohosh. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, anthelmintic, exerts a special 
influence on the uterus. 

Useful in chronic uterine disease. 
Dose. Fluid extract, 15 to 40 drops. 
LEONUEUS CABDIACA. Motherwort. 

Infusion or decoction used in amenorrhcea, etc. 
LEPTANDEA VIRGINICA. Culver's Phvsic. 



LIT 97 

Violent cathartic, emetic. 
LIATE1S SPICATA. Button Snakeroot. 
Diuretic, cholagogue, laxative. 
Dose. Fluid extract, 5j to gij. 
LIGUSTICUM LEVISTICUM. Loveage. 

Stimulant, aromatic. Test for limestone water, 
which it turns blue. 
LIMONES. Lemons. {Citrus limonum.) 

Juice refrigerant, antiseptic; bark and oil excitant. 
Use. The juice as a beverage, diluted with water 
and sweetened, is useful in febrile and inflammatory 
complaints, cooling and quenching thirst: alone or 
combined with wine, in scorbutis ; with camphor mix- 
ture, decoction of cinchona, or wine, in putrid sore 
throats, remittent fevers, diabetes, and lienteria ; and 
with common salt in dysentery and colics. 

Dose, f ^ij, or more, two or three times a day ; di- 
luted ad libitum. 
LLN1MENTA. Liniments. See Pharmaceutical pre- 
parations, p. 174. 
LINUM. Flaxseed. (L. usitatissimum.) 
Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In catarrh, dysentery, strangury, etc., as enema 
and as poultice. 

Dose. Of decoction, ad libitum. 
LIQUORES. Solutions. See Pharmaceutical prepa- 
rations, p. 157. 
LIKIODENDKON. Tulip-Tree Bark. (L.tulipifera.) 
Tonic, diaphoretic, stimulant. 

Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, dys- 
pepsia. 

Dose. Of the powder, gss. to gij. Infusion, fgj 
to fgij. 
LITHLE CARBON AS. Carbonate of Lithia. 
Solvent of uric acid. 

Dose. 3-6 grs., best in carbonic acid water. 
7 



98 MAG 

LITHIJE CITEAS. Citrate of Lithia. 

Dose. 5-10 grs. 
LOBELIA. Indian Tobacco. (L. inflata.) 

Emetic, purgative, expectorant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In the paroxysms of asthma; in croup, 
whooping-cough. 

Dose. In powder, gr. iv to gr. xx ; infusion, f§j, 
tincture TT\,xv to rr\,xxx. 
LONICEKA CAPKIFOLIUM. Honeysuckle. 

A syrup of the flowers used in asthma, etc. 

Fruit emetic and cathartic. 
LYCOPUS. Bugle Weed. (L. Virginicus.) 

Narcotic, tonic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In affections of the lungs, quiets irritation, 
allays cough, diminishes the pulse. 

Dose. Of the infusion, ad libitum. 
LYTHKUM SALICABIA. Purple Willow-herb. 

Demulcent and astringent. 

Dose. Of powdered herb, ^j. Decoction, (gj to Oj,) 

MAGNESIA. Magnesia. (Obtained from Carbonate 
of Magnesia, by exposure to a strong heat.) Mag- 
nesia Usta. 

Antacid ; laxative when it meets with acids in the 
stomach. 

Use. In heartburn, aphthae, and other acidities: 
preferable to chalk when the bowels are costive. 
Sometimes it is given in dysentery, combined with 
ipecacuanha and opium, and followed by successive 
draughts of lemonade. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj occasionally, in water or milk. 

Incomp. Acids, metallic salts; hydrochlorate of 
ammonia. 
MAGNESIA CABBONAS. (Prepared from Sulphate 
of Magnesia by Carbonate of Soda.) 

Antacid ; laxative when it meets with acid. 



MAN 99 

Use. The same as that of magnesia ; but, owing to 
the carbonic acid, it sometimes occasions unpleasant 
distension. 

Dose. fgss. to gij in water. 
MAGNESIA SULPHAS. - Sulphate, of Magnesia. 
(Obtained from sea-water : magnesian limestone.) 
Purgative, diuretic. 

Use. In all cases which require purgatives. It 
operates without griping, and, when united with infu- 
sion of roses acidulated, will sit on the stomach when 
all other things are rejected. The less it is diluted, 
if a draught of warm water be taken an hour after- 
wards, the better and more easily it operates. An 
adjunct to clysters. 

Dose. ^ss. to §j. In clysters, ,5jss. to §iij. 
Incomp. The fixed alkalies and their carbonates, 
lime-water, chloride of barium, nitrate of silver, 
acetates of lead. 
MAGNOLIA. Magnolia. (M. glauca, etc.) 

A gently stimulating aromatic tonic, and diapho- 
retic. 

Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, and 
gastric debility. 

Dose. Of the powdered bark, gss. to 5j often re- 
peated. The infusion is less efficient. 
MALAMBO. Matias or Winter's Bark. 

Aromatic, tonic, and febrifuge. 
MALVA. Common Mallow. (Malva sylvestris.) 

Demulcent, similar to Linum. 
MANDKAGOKA OFFICINALIS. Mandrake. 

Poisonous, narcotic. Sometimes used externally 
to painful tumors. 
MANGANESE. The salts of this metal have been 
advantageously combined with those of iron, in 
anaemia, etc. 

Doses. Of Iodide, 10-30 drops of syrup : Of Phos- 
phate, 1 gr. : Of Lactate, 1-5 grs. 



100 MEL 

MANGANESII OXIDUM. Oxide of Manganese. 
Use. In syphilis, scurvy, itch, and porrigo. 
Dose. 3 to 20 grs. in pill, Ointment gij to gj Lard. 
MANGANESII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Manganese. 
A cholagogue purgative in dose of 3J— 3ij ; as a 
tonic, 5-20 grs. 
MANNA. Manna. (Ornus Europcea.) 
Laxative, apt to gripe. 

Use. As a purgative for children, who readily take 
it on account of its sweetness ; but more generally it 
is used as an adjunct to other purgatives. 

Dose. ^ss. to gij alone, or dissolved in fluid purga- 
tives. 
MARANTA. Arrowroot. (A. arundinacea.) 

When boiled with water or milk, it forms a mild, 
nutritious article of food, well adapted for infants and 
convalescents ; a tablespoonful into Oj of water. 
MARRUBIUM. White Horehound. (M. vulgare.) 
Tonic, diuretic, laxative, emmenagogue. 
Use. In hysteria, chronic catarrh, and pituitous 
asthma; obstruction of the catamenia; seldom used. 
Dose. In powder gss. to gj ; of the expressed juice, 
f^ss. to f^jss. ; or of this infusion (Marrub. Fol. §ss., 
Aquae Ferv. Oj) a large glassful twice or, thrice a 
day. 
MASTICHE. Mastich (resinous tears of Pistacia). 

Use. Formerly in place of turpentine; now chiefly 
in ethereal solution, to stop carious teeth. 
MATICO. Piper augustifolium. 

Aromatic, tonic, stimulant, styptic. 
Dose. gss. to gij, three times a day. 
MATRICARIA. German Chamomile (flowers of M. 
Cham.). 
Similar to chamomile in effects. 
MEL. Honey. 

Aperient, externally detergent ; stimulant. 



MEN 101 

Use. Seldom used internally as a medicine ; but 
when freely eaten is apt to produce colic ; externally 
as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris ; in 
aphthae; sometimes applied to foul ulcers. 
MEL DESPUMATUM. Prepared Honey. (Take of 
Clarified Honey Oss.j Diluted Alcohol Oj, Prepared 
Chalk 5 SS - Having mixed the honey and diluted 
alcohol, add the prepared chalk, and allow the mix- 
ture to stand for two hours, occasionally stirring it. 
Then heat it to ebullition, filter, and by means of a 
water-bath evaporate the clear liquor, so that when 
cold it may have the specific gravity 1.32.) 
MELISSA. Balm. (if. officinalis.) 

Stomachic, diuretic. 

Use. Made into tea ; it is used as a diluent in feb- 
rile diseases, seldom used in substance. 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to Qij. 
MEL KOSiE. Eose Honey. (Kosae Gallicae Exsiccat. 
^ij, Aquae Ferv. Oss., Mellis Despurn. Oij. Infuse the 
roses six hours ; add the strained liquor to the honey, 
and evaporate to a proper consistence in a water- 
bath.) 

Astringent, detergent. 

Use. Chiefly in gargles, in ulceration, and inflam- 
mation of the mouth and fauces (R. Mellis Bosae §j, 
Acidi Hydrochlorici n\ xxx, Aquae f^vj ; forms a 
good detergent in aphtha gangrenosa; as a vehicle for 
other remedies in infantile diseases). 
MEL SOD.E BOKATIS. Honey of Borax. 

Borax 60 grs., Honey §j. 

Used in aphthae. 
MENISPEKMUM CANADENSE. Moonseed. 

Substitute for Sarsaparilla. 
MENTHA PIPEKITA. Peppermint. 

Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. Vide under Oleum Mentha? Piperitae. 



102 MON 

Dose. Grs. x to gj ; scarcely ever in substance. 
MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spearmint. 
Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. Vide under Oleum Menthae Viridis. An in- 
fusion of it is a good diluent in febrile diseases. 
Dose. Grs. x to 3j ; scarcely ever used in sub- 

MENYANTHES. Buck Beam {M. trifoliata.) 

Tonic, diuretic, purgative ; in large doses emetic. 
Use. In inter mitten ts, arthritic and chronic rheu- 
matic affections, and in cachectic and herpetic diseases. 
Dose. 9j to 3J of the dried powdered leaves ; f ^j 
to f^jss. of the infusion. (Menyanth, fol. sic. gss., 
Aquae Oss.) 
MESENNA. Bisenna. 

An Abyssinian vermifuge for teniae. 
MEZEREUM. Mezereon Bark. {Daphne mezereum.) 
Stimulant, diaphoretic, in large doses emetic. 
Use. In venereal diseases, but its efficacy is doubtful. 
It is sometimes useful in the sequelae of syphilis ; in 
chronic rheumatism, lepra, and scrofulous swellings ; 
and chewing frequently thin slices of the recent root 
has been found useful in palsy of the tongue; exter- 
nally, the fresh bark, soaked in vinegar, is useful for 
keeping open issues. 

Dose. Of the powder gr. j, gradually increased to 
grs. x. 
MISTUR^E. Mixtures. See Pharmaceutical prepa- 
rations, p. 163. 
MITCHELLA REPENS. Partridge-berry. 

Diuretic, astringent. Similar to Pipsissewa. 
MOMORDICA BALSAMINA Balsam Apple. 

Extract said to be useful in dropsy in 6-15 grs. 
MONARDA. Horsemint. (M. punctata.) 
Stimulant, carminative. 
Use. In flatulent colic, and sick stomach. 



muc 103 

MONESIA. A vegetable extract from S. America. 
Alterative, astringent. 
Dose. 2-10 «ts. 
MORPHIA. Morphia. 
Xarcotic, excitant. 

Use. Chiefly to prepare the more soluble salts. 
Dissolved in oil, and rubbed upon the skin, it pro- 
duces narcotic effects. 
MORPHLE ACETAS. Acetate of Morphia. 
Narcotic. 

Dose. From J of grain to gr. J ; endermically, 
gr. ss. to grs. iij to the skin, where the cuticle has 
been removed by a blister. 
MORPHLE MURIAS. Muriate of Morphia. 
As a narcotic, it is preferable to the acetate. 
Dose. Gr. f. 
MORPHLE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Morphia. 
Powerfully narcotic and sedative. 
Use. In all cases requiring the use of opium. 
Dose. From gr. J to gr. \. 

*.£* It is distinguished from sulphate of quinia, 
which it resembles, by becoming red when treated 
with concentrated nitric acid. 
MOSCHUS. Musk. 

Stimulant, antispasmodic diaphoretic. 
Use. In spasmodic affections, as hysteria, singultus, 
• pertussis, trismus, and epilepsy. In typhus attended 
with subsultus ten din urn ; in cholera it checks the 
vomiting; and it arrests the progress of gangrene. 
It raises the pulse and excites the nervous system 
without heating. 

Dose. Grs. ij to ^ss., everv three or four hours. 

MUOILAGO ACACLE. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 

(^iv of Pulv. Acacia to Oss. Boiling Water gss. of 

gum in each fHj-f^ss. sufficient for a £vj or 3 v i i j 

mixture. 

MUCILAGO TRAGACAXTHJE. Mucilage of Trag- 



104 NAP 

acanth. (Gummi Astragali Tragacanthse Triti gij, 
Aq. Bull, f^viij. Macerate for twenty-four hours, 
then triturate till the gum is dissolved, and press 
through linen cloth.) 

Use. In pharmaceutical purposes. 
MUCUNA. Cowhage. (M. pruriens.) 

Vermifuge. 

Dose. Mixed with molasses, a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful every morning for three days, followed 
by a cathartic. 
MUSK, ARTIFICIAL. 

Antispasmodic. 

Dose. 10 grs. 
MYEICA CERIFERA. Wax Myrtle. Bay-berry. 

Bark tonic and astringent. 

Dose. In powder 20-30 grs. Alcoholic extract 5 
grains. 
MYRISTICA. Nutmegs, Mace, and the Essential Oil. 
(M. moschata.) 

Stimulant, stomachic, narcotic in large doses. 

Use. To relieve nausea and vomiting, and to check 
diarrhoea ; but chiefly to give flavor to other remedies. 
Being narcotic, they are hurtful in apoplectic and 
paralytic habits. 

Dose. Of the nutmeg and mace, grs. v to 7)j ; of 
the oil, ir\,ij to n^yj. 
MYKRHA. Myrrh. (Balsamodendron myrrha.) 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. In cachectic complaints, humoral asthma, 
chronic catarrh and phthisis pulmonalis, unattended 
by hectic or much active inflammation. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^j in powder, united with nitre, 
camphor, sulphate of potassa, sulphate of zinc, or of 
iron. 
NAPHTHA. Petroleum. 

Use. A stimulating antispasmodic and sudorific, 



opi 105 

given in disorders of the chest, especially in the 
West Indies ; for the tapeworm in Germany, by 
mixing one part petroleum with one and a half parts 
Tinct. Assafoetida, of which 40 drops are given three 
times a day. Latterly recommended highly in the 
cure of consumption. Also in cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. Mix Qj naphtha, suspended by a small 
quantity of boiling alcohol, in ^iv simple syrup, and 
give a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes till expec- 
toration is fully established. MixQiij naphtha with 
9 xxx lard, and apply in tinea, psoriasis, etc. 

British oil is made by mixing the following ingre- 
dients: R. Olei Terebinth, f^viij, Olei Lini fgviij, 
Olei Succini f ,^iv, Olei Juniperi f^iv, Petrolei Bar- 
badens f^iij, Petrolei Americana (Seneca Oil) 5J. 
Mix. 
NECTANDKA. Bebeeru bark. (See Bebeeru.) 
Tonic, febrifuge. 
Dose. 9j to 3j. 
NUX VOMICA. Vide Strychnos. 
OLEA. Oils. See page 149. 
ONION, Garden Onion. (Allium Cepa.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient. 
Dose. A teaspoonful of juice, with sugar, in non- 
inflammatory catarrhs of children. 
OPIUM. Opium. 

Stimulant in small doses, but in larger narcotic, 
antispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedative, anodyne; ex- 
ternally, its stimulant effects are considerable, but 
soon followed by its narcotic. 

Use. In all painful affections, where the inflam- 
matory diathesis is not very considerable ; in diar- 
rhoea and dysentery ; intermittents ; in typhus, in 
smaller doses as a cordial, in larger to allay irrita- 
tion and produce sleep; cholera and pyrosis; in 
rheumatism when inflammatory fever is not present ; 



106 opi 

retrocedent goat; and in convulsive and spasmodic 
diseases. When combined with calomel, in inflam- 
mation, after bloodletting, and in syphilis, as well as 
to arrest the progress of gangrene. It is employed 
in a watery solution, containing gr. ij in f §j of water, 
as an injection in gonorrhoea and spasmodic stricture, 
as an adjunct to clysters in diarrhoea ; and by friction, 
united with oil in tetanus and other spasms. 

Dose. Gr. J to gr. ss., to produce its stimulant 
effects ; gr. j to grs. ij, is narcotic ; but in spasmodic 
complaints it has been given to a very great ex- 
tent. 

Incomp. Lime-water, alkaline carbonates, bichlo- 
ride of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates of zinc, 
copper, and iron, infusion of yellow bark, astringent 
infusions and decoctions, solutions of catechu and of 
kino ; acetates of lead. 

*#* When opium has been taken as a poison, the 
stomach should be first evacuated by the stomach- 
pump, worked with infusion of yellow bark, or by 
emetics containing very little water, and, after the 
whole of the opium has been evacuated, aromatic 
stimulants given, and mustard cataplasms applied 
externally. 

As the dose of opium varies much, according to 
circumstances, and as the quantities vary in pharma- 
ceutical preparations, we have thought it advisable 
to insert the following table of proportions for refer- 
ence: 

Opium. Dose. \ of a grain to 2 grs. or more. 

Acetum Opii (Black drop) contains 1 gr. Opium in 
fflvii. 

Confectio Opii contains 1 gr. Opium in grs. xxxvi. 

Morphia. l-6th of a gr. equivalent to gr. j Opium. 

Morphia Acetas. l-6th of a grain equivalent to 
gr.j Opium. 



PiE 107 

Liquor Morphias Acetatis. l-6th gr. Morphia in TT\,v. 

Morphice Murias. Same as Morphia. 

Morphice Sulphas. Same as Morphia. 

Pilulce Oalomelanos et Opii. 1 gr. Opium to iij grs. 
Calomel. 

Pilulce Opii. 1 gr. Opium in each pill. 

Pilulce Plumbi Opiatce. One-half gr. Opium in each. 

Pilulce Saponis Compositce. 1 gr. Opium in grs. v. 

Pulvis Ipecacuanhce et Opii. 1 gr. Opium in grs. x. 

Tinctura Opii (Laudanum). 1 gr. Opium in rr\,xix. 

Tinctura Opii Camphor -ata (Paregoric). 1 grain 
Opium in f ^ss. 

Tinctura Opii Acetata. 1 gr. Opium in Tt^xx. 

Trochisci Glycyrrhiza et Opii. One-tenth grain in 
each, 

Vinum Opii. Same as tincture. 
ORIGANUM. Common Marjoram. (0. vulgare.) 

Tonic, stomachic, emmenagogue? 

Use. In debilities of the stomach ; scarcely ever 
used. 

Dose. Grs. x to J)j in powder. 
OROBANCHE VIRGINIANA. Beech drops. Can- 
cer-root. 

A parasite on the root of the beech. Astringent. 
OXALATE OF IRON. . 

A chalybeate without astringency. 

Dose. 2-3 grs. in pill. 
OXALIC ACID. Has been used in phthisis, for 
night-sweats, etc., in dose of J gr. 

Antidote to poisonous dose, Magnesia or chalk. 
OXALIS ACETOSELLA. Wood sorrel. 

Refrigerant. Useful in scurvy in infusion. 
P^ONIA OFFICINALIS. Peony. 

Has been useful in epilepsy. 

Dose. Decoction of fresh root gij to ^j boiled from 
Oj to Oss. daily. 



108 pho 

PANAX. Ginseng. Root of P. quinquefolium. 

Demulcent. The Chinese panacea. 
PAPAVER. White Poppy Capsules. (P. somniferum.) 
Relaxant, anodyne. 

Use. Externally as a fomentation (§iv of the dried 
heads being bruised and boiled in Oiv of water to 
Oij), to inflamed or ulcerated parts. The addition of 
a little distilled vinegar aids the narcotic power of the 
decoction. 
PAREIRA. Pareira brava. 
Tonic, aperient, diuretic. 
Use. In irritable bladder. 
Dose. Grs. xxx to gj. 
Tincture (one part to five of alcohol) fgj. 
PARTHENIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM. Prairie Dock. 
Antiperiodic. 

Dose, gij in infusion equals ^j Sulph. Quin. 
PAULLIOTA. Guarana. 
Tonic, nervine. 
Dose. 8-10 grs. of Alcoholic Extract. 
PEPO. Pumpkin Seed. 

Used to expel tape-worm. 
Dose. About Jij, in emulsion, etc. 
PESSARIES, MEDICATED. 

Cacao butter, impregnated with medicine for appli- 
cation to the uterus — as Alum 15 grs., Tannin 10 grs., 
Iodide of Lead 5 grs., Opium 2 grs., Oxide of Zinc 15 
grs., Perchloride of Iron 5 grs., etc. 
PETROSELINUM. Parsley Root. (P. sativum.) 
Aperient, diuretic. 

Use. In nephritic and dropsical affections ; given 
in infusion. Juice as a substitute for Quinia. 
PHOSPHAS SOD^E. Phosphate of Soda. 
Purgative. 

Use. In all cases where the bowels require to be 
opened. When dissolved in broth made without salt, 
the taste of the phosphate is not perceived. 



pip 109 

Dose. 3j to gjjj. 

Incomp. Alum, chalk, and all salts with an earthy 
base. 
PHOSPHORUS. 

A powerful stimulant, particularly of kidneys and 
genitals. 

- Dose. 4-5rr\, of a solution of 1 part to 4 of Chloro- 
form. 
PHYSOSTIGMA. Calabar bean. (P. Venenosum.) 
A spinal sedative, gastric irritant ; contracts the 
pupil of the eye. 

Use. J- gr. of Alcoholic extract by subcutaneous in- 
jection in tetanus. 
PHYTOLACCA BACCA ET KADIX. Poke Ber- 
ries. Poke Root. (P. decandra.) 

Emetic, purgative, alterative, and narcotic. A nar- 
cotico-acrid poison. 

Use. The juice, evaporated to an extract, is em- 
ployed as an escharotic by cancer doctors. As an al- 
terative in small doses in chronic rheumatism. As 
an ointment in psora, tinea capitis, and other cutane- 
ous diseases. 

Dose. As an emetic, from grs. x to grs. xxx. As 
an alterative, from gr. j to *grs. v. 
PILUL^E. Pills. See Pharmaceutical preparations, 

p. 170. 
PIMENTA. Pimenta Berries. (Myrtus Pimenta.) 
Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. Chiefly as a condiment, and as an adjunct to 
other medicines. 
Dose. Gr. v to Qij. 
PIPER LONGUM. Long Pepper. Similar to Black 

Pepper. 
PIPER NIGRUM. Black Pepper. 

Tonic, antiperiodic, stimulant, carminative. 

Use. To check nausea in gouty habits ; remove 



110 PLU 

hiccough ; and increase excitement in palsy. Steeped 
in rum it cures ague. A watery infusion of pepper 
has been found a useful gargle in relaxation of the 
uvula. 

Dose. Gr. x to n)j, variously combined. 
PIX. Pitch. 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. In cutaneous diseases and piles. 

Dose. 10 gr. to £j in pills ; externally as ointment. 
PIX BUKGUNDICA. Burgundy Pitch. 

External rubefacient. 
PIX CANADENSIS. Hemlock Pitch. 

As a gentle rubefacient, analogous to Burgundy 
pitcb, and employed in the same cases. 
PIXLIQUIDA. Tar. 

Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific ; externally detergent. 

Use. Internally in ichthyosis ; externally it is ap- 
plied to foul ulcers, and tinea capitis. 
PLANTAGO MA JOE. Plantain. 

Eefrigerant, diuretic, but feeble. 

Used domestically as a dressing for sores. 
PLATINUM. The Bichloride of Platinum has been 
used in syphilis, in the same way as iodine, arsenic, 
and gold, in J gr. doses. 
PLUMBI ACETAS. Acetate of Lead. 

Astringent in weak solutions, cooling and sedative ; 
in strong (gj to water f^vj) stimulant. 

Use. Internally in visceral hemorrhages washed 
down with water acidulated with distilled vinegar, 
which seems to prevent its deleterious effects. Ex- 
ternally, in solution in phlegmonous inflammations, 
burns, bruises, gonorrhoea, etc. 

Dose. Gr. ss. to grs. 3, made into a pill with gr. ss. 
of opium, and crumb of bread. Distilled water must 
be used for the solution, and a little acetic acid added. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, acids, alum ; borax, soaps, 



POL 111 

tartarized iron and antimony ; lime-water, hard water, 
sulphuretted hydrogen. 
PLUMBI CABBONAS. Carbonate of Lead. 
Astringent, sedative. 

Use. Sprinkled on parts affected with local in- 
flammation ; in the formation of ointments and 
plasters. 
PLUMBI IODIDUM. Iodide of Lead. 

Used in ointment for the effects of its constituents. 
PLUMBI NITBAS. Nitrate of Lead. 

Externally used as sedative and disinfectant. 
PLUMBI OXIDUM. Litharge. 

Used in plasters. 
PODOPHYLLIN, or resin of podophyllum is much 
used. 

Dose. As laxative -J- to \ of a grain, as purgative \ 
to 1 gr. 
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. May Apple. 
Mandrake. 

An active and certain cathartic, producing copious 
liquid discharges, resembling jalap. 

Use. In most inflammatory affections, where brisk 
purging is indicated ; and also in bilious fevers and 
hepatic congestions ; also in dropsical, rheumatic, 
and scrofulous complaints, in combination with super- 
tartrate of potassa. A substitute for calomel. 

Dose. Of the powdered root, gr. xx. It is also 
used in the form of an extract. 
POLYGALA EUBELLA. Bitter Polygala. 

Tonic, laxative, and diaphoretic, according to the 
dose. 

Use. To impart tone to the digestive organs, in 
the form of infusion. 
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM. Water Pepper. 
Stimulant, diuretic, emmenagogue, vesicant. 
Dose. Fluid extract 10 to 60 drops. 



112 POT 

POPULUS TEEMULOIDES. American Poplar. 

Tonic, diuretic, febrifuge. 

Used in intermittents. 

Dose. 4 to 8 grs. of populin. The buds of P. bal- 
samifera are often steeped in spirits and applied to 
bruises, etc. They are balsamic. 
POTASSA. Fused Potassa. (Prepared by evaporating 
the solution of potassa to dryness, in an iron vessel.) 

Powerfully escharotic. 

Use. For forming issues. It has also been used 
to remove strictures. 
POTASSA CUM CALCE. Potassa with Lime. 
Vienna Caustic. Equal parts of potassa and lime 
rubbed together — prepared for use by being made 
into paste with a little alcohol. 

A milder and more manageable caustic than po- 

POTASS.E ACETAS. Acetate of Potassa. 
Mildly cathartic, diuretic. 

Use. In febrile diseases, dropsies, icterus, and 
visceral obstructions. 

Dose. 9j to 3j, as diuretic; gij to ^iij open the 
bowels. 

Incomp. Mineral acids, decoction of tamarinds, 
bichloride of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates 
of soda and of magnesia, hydrochlorate of ammonia, 
tartrate of potassa. 
POTASSiE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Potassa, 
Use. The same as that of the carbonate, but it is 
less acrid. 
Dose. 3j-Bij. 
POTASS^E BICHROMAS. Bichromate of Potassa. 
Alterative, emetic. 

Dose. | gr. daily as alterative, emetic f gr. 
POTASSJE BITARTRAS. Bi tartrate of Potash. 
Cream of Tartar. The tartar of wine purified. 



POT 113 

Mildly purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. 

Use. In ascites proceeding from visceral obstruc- 
tions ; and to open the bowels in inflammatory 
habits. Dissolved in water, with a small quantity 
of white wine, some sugar, and lemon-peel, it forms 
an excellent beverage in febrile diseases, under the 
name of Imperial. 

Dose. 9j to 3j combined with Qj sodse biboras, to 
excite the kidneys ; to open the bowels giv to §j 
are required. 

Incomp. Alkalies, alkaline earths, mineral acids. 
POTASSA CARBONAS PUKUS. Carbonate of 
Potassa (pure). Salt of Tartar. Crude carbonate 
of potassa is pearlash. 

Diuretic, antacid. 

Use. In dropsy, acidities of the primae vise, and 
glandular obstructions. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss. properly diluted; Qj dissolved 
in f^viij of water, and mixed with f giv of lemon- 
juice, forms an effervescing draught. 

Incomp. Mineral acids, borax, hydrochlorate and 
acetate of ammonia, alum, sulphate of magnesia, 
chloride of calcium, lime, lime-water, all the me- 
tallic salts. 
POTASS^ CHLORAS, Chlorate of Potassa. 

Refrigerant, diuretic, etc. 

Use. In scurvy, scarlatina, etc., and as a wash in 
cancrum oris. 

Dose. Gr. x to xxx ; 1 part to 10 of Glycerin for 
ulcers etc 
POTASS J2 ' CITRAS. Citrate of Potassa. 

Refrigerant, diaphoretic. 

Dose. 20-25 grs. 
POTASSJS ET SODJE TARTRAS. Rochelle Salt. 

A mild cooling purgative. 

Dose. gss. to ^j. 
8 



114 POT 

POTASSJ5 NITEAS. Nitrate of Potassa, or Nitre. 

Diuretic, refrigerant; in large doses purgative; 
externally cooling, detergent. 

Use. In fevers, dropsies, herpetic eruptions, active 
hemorrhages, mania. A small piece allowed to dis- 
solve slowly in the mouth often removes incipient 
cynanche tonsillaris ; hence its utility in gargles. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss. In doses of ^j it occasions 
hypercatharsis, bloody stools, and sometimes death. 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, sulphates of soda and 
magnesia, alum, the metallic sulphates. 
POTASSJ3 PEEMANGANAS. Permanganate of 
Potassa. 

A powerful disinfectant. 

Dose. Solution of 10 parts in 90 of water; has been 
used in petechial fever, diphtheria, etc., in J gr. doses. 
POTASSA SULPHAS. Sulphate of Potassa. 

Purgative. 

Use. In the visceral obstruction to which children 
are liable, and as an adjunct to other purgatives. 

Dose. gss. to 3vj. 

Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, tartaric 
acid, chloride of calcium, salts of mercury, nitrate of 
silver, salts of lead. 
POTASS^E TAETEAS. Tartrate of Potassa. 

Purgative. 

Use. To open the bowels in febrile diseases, mania, 
and hypochondriasis; and as an adjunct to senna, 
and the resinous purgatives in solution, the griping 
effect of which it corrects. 

Dose, gj to §j in solution. 

Incomp. Acids; infusion of tamarinds and other 
acid fruits : chloride of calcium ; lime, magnesia, 
sulphates of soda, of potassa, and of magnesia ; ni- 
trate of silver, acetate of lead, and hydrochlorate of 
ammonia. 



POT 115 

POTASSII BKOMIDUM. Bromide of Potassium. 

Use. As Iodide of Potassium, but slower in effect. 
It is also used as a nervous sedative. 

Dose. Grs. v to xx. 
POTASSII CYANIDUM. Cyanide of Potassium. 

Similar to hydrocyanic acid. 

Doses. $ gr. in §ss. water; fsjss. syrup of lemons 
will free the hvdrocyanic acid. 
POTASSII FERKOCYANIDUM. Ferrocyanide of 
Potassium. 

Sedative, anodyne, diaphoretic, astringent ; mostly 
used in the arts. 

Use. In dyspnoea, neuralgia, etc. 

Dose. 10 to 15 grs. in solution. 
POTASSII IODIDUM. Iodide of Potassium. _ 

(Formed by decomposing the iodide of iron by 
carbonate of potassa.) 

The same as that of iodine ; but chiefly as an al- 
terative in secondary syphilis, rheumatism, lepra. 

Dose. Of the saturated solution from rr^vj to n\,xx ; 
of the dry salt from gr. ij to gr. x. See Tinct. Iodin. 

Incomp. Acids, metallic salts, not iodides. 
POTASSII SULPHUEETUM. Sulphuret of Potas- 
sium. 

Expectorant, diaphoretic ; externally detergent. 

Use. It has been given in chronic asthma, but 
without much benefit; chronic catarrh and rheuma- 
tism; arthritic cases; hepatic and other cutaneous 
diseases ; and cancer. Its solution is useful as a wash 
in scabies and tinea capitis. As a bath, in the pro- 
portion of ^iv to thirty gallons of water; as a lo- 
tion in local cutaneous affections, in the strength of gj 
to two quarts of water. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x, combined with soap or extract 
of conium, in pills or mixture, twice or thrice a day ; 
as an ointment, Jss. of the sulphuret to gj of lard. 



116 PYR 

Incomp. Acids, acidulous salts, metallic and earthy 

PRENANTHES SERPENTARIA. Lion's Foot. 
Considered a remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake, 
etc. A decoction of the root is used internally, and 
the moistened leaves externally. 
PRESTOS. Black Alder. (P. verticillatus.) 
Tonic, astringent, alterative. 

Use. Intermittents, diarrhoea, gangrene, chronic 
and cutaneous eruptions; locally in ill-conditioned 
ulcers. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gss. to ^j ; of the de- 
coction, made by boiling ^ij of the bark with Oiij of 
water to Oij, from ^ij to §iij ; or it may be given in 
tincture. 
PROPYLAMIA. Propylamin. 

A volatile alkaloid from herring-pickle, ergot, etc. 
Has been useful in rheumatism. 

Dose. f^ss. of solution of 24 drops in f^vi of pep- 
permint-water, every 2-4 hours. 
PRUNUM. Prunes. (P. domestiea.) 
Cooling, laxative, nutrient. 

Use. In costiveness attended with heat and irrita- 
tion ; an article of diet in fever. 
PRUNUS VIRGINIANS. Wild-Cherry Bark. 
Tonic and sedative. 

Use. In debilitated states of the stomach or general 
system, attended with irritation and nervous exci- 
tability. It allays the action of the heart, and is 
highly useful in the hectic fever of scrofula and con- 
sumption. In dyspepsia and intermittents. 
Dose. In powder, from £ss. to ^j. 
PYRETHRUM. Pellitory. (Anacyclus pyrethrum.) 
Use. Chewed, it excites a copious flow of saliva, 
hence it has been found useful in some affections of 
the head ; in strumous swellings of the tonsils ; tooth- 



QUI 117 

ache, and palsy of the muscles of the throat. It is 
also used in infusion as a gargle. 
PYKETHKUM PAETHEN1UM. Feverfew. 

Tonic. 

Dose. 3 to 10 grs. three times a day. 
QUASSIA. Quassia Wood. (Simaruba excelsa.) 

Tonic, stoma civ c. 

Use. In intermittents ; bilious fever, combined with 
neutral salts ; lienteria and cachexia ; in hysteria united 
with tincture of valerian ; and with cretaceous powder 
and ginger in gout. 

Dose. Of the raspings grs. v to £ss. ; but infusion 
and extract are preferable forms of exhibiting it. 
QUEECUS. The Oak. 

Astringent, tonic. Not much used internally. 

Use. As astringent wash, gargle, or injection. 
QUININE MUEIAS. Muriate of Quinine. (Dissolve 
pure quinine in diluted muriatic acid, and evaporate.) 

A tonic, better adapted in cases of weak digestive 
powers than the sulphate ; preferred by some to the 
sulphate in intermittents. 

Dose. The same as the sulphate. 
QUINLE SULPHAS. Bisulphate of Quinine. (Pre- 
pared from yellow cinchona.) 

Tonic. 

Use. In intermittents and all periodic diseases, as 
a tonic ; also as a febrifuge in bilious remittents, and 
whenever tonics are indicated ; may be used with 
great advantage endermically where the stomach is 
irritable. 

Dose. Grs. i to grs. x in any simple bitter infusion. 

Incornp. Alkalies and their carbonates, lime-water, 
salts of barvta, lime, nitrate of silver, and salts of lead. 
QUININE VALEEIANAS. Valerianate of Quinia. 

Use. In neuralgia and hemicrania. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs. 



118 ROB 

RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot. {B. bulbosus.) 

Acrid irritant; similar to cantharides. 
RENNET. GASTRIC JUICE. PEPSINE. 

These forms of gastric juice have been found useful 
in dyspepsia from debility of stomach. Rennet wine 
made by digesting the lower part of calf's stomach in 
good sherry is a common form. 

Dose. A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water. 
RESINA. Yellow Resin. (The residue, after the dis- 
tillation of oil of turpentine.) 
Stimulant. 

Use. In the composition of plasters and ointments. 
RHAMNI. Buckthorn. (Berries and juice of B. cath- 
articus.) 
Purgative. 

Use. In syrup, added to hydragogue or diuretic 
mixtures. 

Dose. 9j of recent berries, 3J of dried, §j of juice. 
RHEUM. Rhubarb Root. (B. palmalum.) 
Purgative, stomachic, astringent. 
Dose. In costiveness, from laxity of bowels, par- 
ticularly of children, and diarrhoea. It is a useful 
adjunct to neutral salts and calomel, rendering their 
operation more easy. Externally, the powder is 
sprinkled over ulcers, to assist their granulation and 
healing. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. of the powder to open the 
bowels ; grs. vj to grs. x, to act as a stomachic. 
RHIGOLENE. A variety of petroleum naphtha, used 

for congelation with the Atomizer. 
RHUS GLABRUM. Sumach. (Fruit of B. glab.) 
Astringent and refrigerant. 
Used as a gargle. 
ROSA. Rose Petals. 
Slightly laxative. 
ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. (B. officinalis.) 



RUT 119 



Tonic, stimulant, emmenagogue, resolvent. 

Use. In nervous headaches, and in chlorosis, under 
the form of infusion ; but it is now scarcely ever used, 
unless as an adjunct, to give odor to sternutatory 
powders. 

Dose. Of the powder grs. x to gss. 
ROTTLERA. Kameela. (JR. tinctoria.) 

Purgative, anthelmintic for tsenia. 

Dose. £j-3iij. 
RUBIA. Root of Madder. (JR. tinetorum.) 

Emmenagogue, astringent. 

Use. In chlorosis, and difficult or scanty menstru- 
ation ; in the atrophia infantum ; but its efficacy is 
very doubtful. 

Dose. Grs. xv to J)j, united with sulphate of potassa, 
three or four times a day. 
RUBUS TRIVIALIS VILLOSUS. Dewberry Root, 
Blackberry Root. 

Astringent and tonic. 

Use. In diarrhoea from debility, cholera infantum, 
chronic dysentery. In all cases where astringents are 
indicated. 

Dose. Of the decoction (gj, Ojss. water; boiled to 
Oj), from fgj to f^ij three or four times a day. Of 
the powdered root, grs. xx to grs. xxx. 
RUMEX. Dock-root. (B. JBritannica and obtusifolius.) 

Mild astringent, tonic, alterative. 

Use. In scrofula and syphilis, externally in skin 
diseases. 

Dose, fgij of decoction (gj dried root to Oj). 
RUT A. The leaves of Rue. (B. graveolens.) 

Tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In hysteria and flatulent colic; but chiefly in 
the form of strong infusion in clysters in the convul- 
sions of children. 

Dose. Grs. xv to Qij. 



120 SAL 

SABADILLA. Sabadilla Seeds. ( Veratrum sabadilla.) 
Cathartic, excitant, anthelmintic. 
Use. Seldom internally ; used in the form of powder 
to destroy pediculi. (Recommended by Turn bull in 
painful rheumatic and neuralgic affections.) 

Dose. Gr. \ of the extract, grs. ij to grs. vj of the 
powder. Tincture used externally. 
S ABB ATI A. American Centaury. (S. angularis.) 
Tonic. " 

Use. In autumnal intermittents and remittents. 
Dose. Infusion of §j to Oj of water, f^ij every two 
hours. 
SABLNA. Savine Leaves. (Juniperus sabina.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, 
escharotic. 

Use. In amenorrhcea, with a languid pulse, but they 
require to be cautiously administered ; in worms, rheu- 
matism, and gout. Externally, the powder is applied 
to old ulcers, carious bones, etc. ; and the infusion, as 
a lotion, to gangrene, scabies, and tinea capitis. 
Dose. Grs. v to grs. x of the powder. 
SACCHARUM. Sugar. 
SACCHARUM LACTIS. Sugar of Milk. 
SAGAPENUM. 

Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, inferior to assa- 
fcetida. 

Dose. Grs. x to £ss. in pills. 
SAGO. Sago. (Sagus Rumphii. A modification of 

starch, containing traces of chloride of sodium.) 
SALEP. Prepared bulbs of Orchis. 

Nutritive, like sago, etc. 
SALICINA. Salicine. 
Tonic. 

Use. In intermittents, and in all cases where tonics 
are indicated. Its effects are analogous to those of 
quinine, but not much used. 



SAN 121 

Dose. Grs. iv to grs. vj every three hours in inter- 
mittents. In other cases, gr. j to grs. iij three or 
four times a day. 
SALIX COKTEX. Willow Bark. (S. alba.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In intermittents and remittents ; debilities of 
the intestinal canal; convalescence; and in hectic 
and phthisis. 

Dose. 9j to 3j of the powder; or f^jss. of the 
decoction, made with ^ij of the bark, in Oij water, 
boiled down to Oj. 

Incomp. Solution of isinglass, alkaline carbonates, 
lime-water, sulphate of iron. 
SALVIA. Sage. (S. officinalis.) 

Tonic, astringent, aromatic. 

Use. Mostly as gargle, in infusion, with honey and 
alum. 
SAMBUCUS. (S. Canadensis.) Common Elder 
Flowers, Berries, and Bark. 

Flowers diaphoretic, discutient; berries aperient, 
sudorific ; bark purgative, hydragogue. 

Use. The flowers in fomentations, to yield their 
flavor to water in distillation, and to form a cooling 
ointment; the berries, or their expressed juice, in 
febrile diseases, rheumatism, arthritic cases, and 
the exanthemata; the bark in dropsy and hemor- 
rhoids. 

Dose. Of the juice of the berries f §j to f §ij ; of 
the bark grs. v to gss., three times a day. 
SANGUINAKIA. > Blood Boot. (S. Canadensis.) 

An acrid emetic ; stimulant, narcotic, diaphoretic, 
alterative. 

Use. It is principally used in chronic catarrh, 
bronchial affections, and pertussis. Combined with 
antimony or ipecacuanha, it is a useful expectorant. 

Dose. As emetic, from grs. x to grs. xx ; as alter- 



122 SA6 



ative, gr. j to grs. iv. Of the tincture, x to xxx drops. 
This is the best form of administration. 
SANTA LUM. Eed Saunders Wood. (Pterocarpus 
santalum.) 

Used for coloring tinctures. 

Oil of yellow Saunders wood (S. myrtifolium) in 
doses of 20-40TTL is said to be specific in gonorrhoea. 
SANTONIN. The active anthelmintic principle in 
European wormseed. 

Used in the form of lozenges with sugar. 

Dose. Three or four grs. twice a day, or less to a 
child. 
SAPO. Soap. 

Laxative, antacid, antilithic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, constipation, lithiasis, etc. 

Dose. 5 grs. to gss., in pill. 

Incomp. Acids, earths, earthy and metallic salts. 
SAPONAKIA OFFICINALIS/ Soapwort. 

Alterative, like sarsaparilla. 

Dose. ^ss. inspissated juice daily. 
SARRACENIA. Fly-trap. 

The S. purpurea has been used in small-pox, to 
modify or shorten its course; f ^ss. of root to Oj water 
in wineglassful dose every three hours. 
SARSAPARILLA. Smilax officinalis. 

Diuretic, demulcent. 

Use. In the sequelae of syphilis, when, after a mer- 
curial course, nocturnal pains, enlargement of the 
joints, and cutaneous ulcerations remain ; in scrofula ; 
elephantiasis, or cutaneous affections resembling it ; 
chronic rheumatism ; and whenever an alterative is 
indicated. 

Dose. From J)j to 3J of the powder, or made into 
an electuary, three times a day. See Decoction, 
Syrup, and Ext. 
SASSAFRAS. Sassafras Wood and Root. (Laurus 
Sassafras.) 



sou 123 

Stimulant, sudorific, diuretic. 

Use. In cutaneous diseases; chronic rheumatism; 
and as an adjunct to the decoction of guaiac, etc. 
SCAMMONIUM. Scammony. (Convolvulus scam- 
monia.) 

Drastic purgative, hydragogue. 

Use. In obstinate costiveness, worms, dropsy, in 
combination with some other cathartic, as aloes, rhu- 
barb, calomel, etc. 

Dose. Grs. iij to grs. xv triturated with sugar or 
with almonds. Made into an emulsion with milk, 
the taste cannot be distinguished ; but pure virgin 
scammony is exceedingly scarce. 
SCILLA. The bulb of. the squill. (S. maritime*,.) 

Emetic in large doses ; purgative ; in small doses 
expectorant and diuretic- It owes its properties to 
a peculiar principle, which has been named scillitin. 

Use. In pulmonary complaints, after the inflam- 
matory action is reduced ; humoral asthma ; pertus- 
sis ; in dropsy ; and more useful if combined with a 
mercurial. 

Dose. Gr. j to grs. v of the dried root, powdered, 
and united with nitre or ipecacuanha; or in pills to 
produce diuresis, united with the blue pill. 

Ineoinp. Gelatine, lime-water, alkaline carbonates, 
acetates of lead, nitrate of silver. 
SCOPARIUS. Broom Tops. (Cytisus scoparius.) 

Diuretic. 

Use. In dropsies. 

Dose. 9j to gj of the powder. 10-15 grs. of seeds. 
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. Figwort, pilewort, 
Celandine. 

An old English remedy for piles and scrofulous 
tumors, in ointment or fomentation. 
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFOLIA. Scullcap. 

A tonic nervine. 



124 SER 

Used in tic douloureux, etc. 

Dose. Fluid extract, ^ss. to 3j. 
SELINUM PALUSTRE. Marsh Parsley. 

Used in epilepsy, etc. 

Dose. 20-30 grs. three times a day. 
SENECIO AURENS. Life-root. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, tonic. 

Useful in gravel and uterine complaints ; pro- 
motes menstruation. 

Dose. Fluid extract, ^ss. to %]. 
SENEGA. Senega Root. {Poly gala senega.) 

Stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 

Use. In peripneumonia, after the inflammatory 
action is reduced ; humoral asthma, chronic rheu- 
matism ; dropsy ; croup ? The extract of it, with 
carbonate of ammonia, has been found useful in 
lethargy. 

Dose. Grs. x to Qj of the powder. Madeira wine, 
if it can be ordered, covers the taste of the powder. 
SEKNiE FOLIA. Senna Leaves. (Cassia acutifoh a.) 

Cathartic, hydragogue. (It is apt to gripe.) 

Use. In costiveness and dropsy ; should always 
be given with aromatic and saline substances. 

Dose. Of the powder, £)j to £j rubbed with crystals 

of bitartrate of potassa, and united with ginger to 

prevent griping ; but the best form is that of infusion. 

SERPENTARI^E RADIX. Snake Root. {Aristo- 

lochia serpentaria.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 
Use. In typhoid fevers, and diseases of debility ; 
to assist cinchona in the cure of intermittents ; in 
the exanthemata, and dyspepsia ; and externally as a 
gargle in cynanche maligna. 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to ^ss. ; or of the fol- 
lowing infusion f^ss. every four hours: R. Rad. con- 
tusi Serpen tariae ^iv, Aquae ferv. f3 x \j- Macerate in 
a covered vessel for two hours. 



sod 125 

SESAMUM. Benne. (S. indicum.) 
Laxative, demulcent, nutritious. 
Use. As a drink in cholera infantum, diarrhoea, 
dysentery, catarrh, and affections of the urinary pas- 



Dose. One or two green leaves in a tumbler of cool 
water will render it sufficiently viscid. 
SEVUM. Suet, 

Used in ointments, etc. 
SIMAKUBA. The Bark and Wood of Simaruba offici- 
nalis. 

Tonic. 

Use. In dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, lienteria, and 
dyspepsia. 

Dose. gss. to 3j of the powder ; but the infusion is 
a better form of exhibiting this remedy. 
SIN APIS. Mustard Seed. (S. alba and nigra.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, emetic, rubefacient, laxative. 

Use. In dyspepsia ; a torpid state of the bowels, 
and chlorosis. The seeds are swallowed entire or 
only slightly crushed ; a strong infusion of the flour 
is used to produce vomiting in apoplexy and paraly- 
sis ; externally the flour is applied as a cataplasm to 
the legs and the soles of the feet in tyjjhus and coma- 
.tose affections. 

Dose, ^j to §ss. or f§ij of the following infusion: 

R. Sinapis pulveris, Armoracise rad., sing, gij, Aq. 

ferventis Oij. Infuse in a covered vessel for twelve 

hours; then strain and add Spir. Menthse Piper, f^ij. 

SODJS ACETAS. Acetate of Soda. 

Purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. 

Use. In cases requiring a mild purgative. Chiefly 
used for making acetic acid. 

Dose. From §j to jjiv in any bland fluid. 

Incomp. Carbonate of lime, sulphuric, nitric, and 
hydrochloric acids. 



126 sod 

SODJE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Soda. 
Use. The same as that of the carbonate. 
Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. 
SOD^E BORAS. Borate of Soda. Borax. 
Diuretic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In nephritic and calculous complaints, de- 
pending on an excess of uric acid. As a detergent 
in aphthous affections of the mouth in children, 
rubbed up in sugar in the proportion of 1 to 7, or 
rubbed with honey. 

Dose. From grs. xx to grs. xl ; or combined with 
cream of tartar. 
SOD^E CARBONAS. Carbonate of Soda. 
Antacid. 

Use. In dyspepsia, and acidities of the stomach; 
united with bitters; in uric acid and gravel, in 
whooping-cough, bronchocele, and in scrofulous affec- 
tions. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. twice or thrice a day. 
Incomp. Lime, acids, unless as an effervescing 
draught, hydrochlorate of ammonia, earthy and 
metallic salts. 
SOD.E CARBONAS EXSICCATA. Dried Carbonate 
of Soda. (The carbonate made to undergo the watery 
fusion ; and, when dry, reduced to powder.) 
Antacid, lithontriptic. 

Use. In acidity of the stomach ; but chiefly in cal- 
culus in the kidneys, and other affections of the urinary 
organs. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. xv. made into pills, with some 
aromatic powder and soap. 
SOD^E HYPOSULPHIS. Hyposulphite of Soda. 
Destructive to microscopic fungi, and arrests fer- 
mentation. 

Dose. 10-20 grs. 3 times a day, in syrup or water. 
SOD^E PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Soda. 



sol 127 

A mild purgative. 

Dose. §j to 3jij in gruel or weak broth. 

In small doses (3 to 10 grs.) phosphate of soda acts 
beneficially in hepatic disorders of children. 
SODiE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Soda, or Glauber's 
Salts. (From the salt which remains after the distil- 
lation of hydrochloric acid, the superabundant acid 
being saturated with carbonate of soda.) 

Purgative ; in small doses diuretic. 

Use. In costiveness; in bilious colics, largely di- 
luted. 

Dose. Of the effloresced salt in powder, giij to gvj ; 
of the crystallized salt in solution, gyj to ^xij ; its 
nauseous taste may be corrected by lemon-juice or 
cream of tartar. 

Incomp. Carbonas potassse, chlorides of calcium and 
barium, salts of lead, of silver. 
SODJE SULPHIS. Sulphite of Soda. 

Antizymotic, same as the hyposulphite. 

Dose, gj 3 times a day. 
SOR^E VALERIANAE Valerianate of Soda. 

Nerve stimulant. 

Dose. 1-5 grs. 
SODII CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Sodium. Muriate 
of Soda, or Sea Salt. 

Tonic, purgative, anthelmintic, externally stimu- 
lant. 

Use. In some cases of dyspepsia and worms ; in sea 
scurvy, and purpura ; in large doses to check vomiting 
of blood ; as an ingredient in clysters ; a fomentation 
to bruises ; and, added to Avater, to form a stimulant 
bath. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. In clysters £iv to §j. 
SO LI DA GO. Golden Rod. {S. odora.) 

Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, diaphoretic. 

Use. To relieve pain arising from flatulence ; to 
allay nausea. In warm infusion. 



128 STA 

SPIGELIA. Indian Pink Root. (S. marilandica.) 

Anthelmintic. 

Use. For the expulsion of lumbrici ; in the remit- 
ting fever of infancy. Its use should be preceded by 
an emetic, and followed by a warm purgative. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. of the powdered root, every 
night and morning, till the worms are expelled ; or 
an infusion combined with senna. 
SPIRiEA. Hardhack. (S. tomentosa.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In cholera infantum, diarrhoea, and all cases 
where a tonic combined with an astringent effect is 
needed. 

Dose. Of the extract, from grs. v to grs. xv ; from 
f^j to f§ij of the decoction. 
SPIRITUS. Spirits or Essences. See p. 168. 
SPIRITUS VINI GALLICI. Brandy. 
SPONGIA. Sponge. 

Use. External. For absorbing the acrid discharge 
from ulcers ; suppressing hemorrhages, when the 
bleeding mouth of the vessel is compressed with it; 
to form tents for dilating wounds, in which case the 
sponge is immersed in melted wax, and cooled before 
being used ; for making burnt sponge. 
SPONGI.E USTJE PULVIS. Burnt Sponge. (The 
sponge is cut into pieces, burnt to a friable coal in a 
covered vessel, and rubbed to a powder.) 

Tonic, deobstruent, antacid. 

Use. In bronchocele, scrofulous complaints, and 
herpetic eruptions. 

Dose. 3j to ^iij, made into an electuary, with 
honev and powdered cinnamon. 
STANNI PULVIS. Powder of Tin. 

Anthelmintic. 

Dose. §ss. in molasses, for several mornings, fol- 
lowed by a cathartic. 



STY 129 

STATICE. Marsh Rosemary. (S. caroliniani.) 
Astringent, antiseptic. 

Use. In gargles, in aphthous and malignant sore 
throat ; and internally in chronic dysentery. 
STILLINGIA. Queen's Root. (S. sylvatica.) 
Emetic, cathartic, alterative. 
Use. In secondary syphilis, scrofula, etc. 
Dose. Powder, 15 to 30 grs., tincture (§ij to Oj) 
f 3j. 20 to 40 drops of fluid extract. 
STRAMONIUM. The Leaves and Seeds of Thorn 
Apple. (Datura stramonium.) 
Use. The same as the extract. 
Dose. Seeds gr. j, powdered leaves grs. ij. 
STRYCHNIA. Strychnia. An alkali prepared from 
the Strychnos Nux Vomica. 

Use. As a tonic in pyrosis, passive diarrhoea, and 
leucorrhoea ; in cases of partial paralysis not depend- 
ing on organic disease, especially when caused by 
carbonate of lead. 

Dose. From gr. j^th to gr. x^th, in acid solution. 
STRYCHNINE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Strychnia. 
More soluble than strychnia. 

Dose, ^th to T Vth gr. internally, -J- to J externally. 
STRYCHNOS IGNATIA. Ignatia Bean. (Ignatia 
amara.) 

Tonic, and nervous stimulant; virtue depends on 
strychnia. 

Use. In dyspepsia of all grades. 
Dose. 5 to 10 drops of fluid extract. 
STRYCHNOS NUX VOMICA. 

Tonic, stimulant; when taken in large doses, it 
produces tetanic symptoms. 

Use. In dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism; and espe- 
cially in paralysis of the lower extremities. 
Dose. From grs. iij to grs. xij. 
STYRAX. Storax. (S. officinale.) 
9 



130 sul 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. Seldom used alone, but as an adjunct, chiefly 
on account of its fragrance and aromatic properties. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. 
SUCCINUM. Amber. 

Use. To afford its essential oil and acid. 
SULPHUR. Sublimed Sulphur. Flowers of Sulphur. 

Stimulant, laxative, diaphoretic, transpiring 
through the cutaneous exhalants. 

Use. As a laxative in chronic rheumatism, atonic 
gout, rachitis, asthma, and some pulmonary affec- 
tions.; in hemorrhoidal affections it is the only laxa- 
tive that should be employed, united with magnesia 
or bitartrate of potassa. A specific in itch, and 
several cutaneous diseases, when either internally or 
externally exhibited. 

Dose. ^ss. to ^ij taken night and morning. 
SULPHUR PRJECIPITATUM. Precipitated Sul- 
phur, Lac Sulphuris. 

Laxative and alterative ; emmenagogue. 

Use. In cutaneous affections, and as a laxative in 
constipation and hemorrhoids. 

Dose. 3"j in the form of an electuary, two or three 
times a day, or combined with magnesia or cream of 

SULPHURIS IODIDUM. Iodide of Sulphur. (R. 
Iodine §iv, Sulphur gj. Rub together in a glass 
mortar till thoroughly mixed. Put the mixture into 
a matrass, close the orifice loosely, and apply a 
gentle heat, so as to darken the mass without melt- 
ing it. When the color has become uniformly dark 
throughout, increase the heat so as to melt the 
iodide; then incline the matrass in different direc- 
tions ; and, lastly, allow it to cool, break it, and put 
the iodide into bottles, which are to be kept well 
stopped.) 



TAM 131 

A powerful alterative, especially in lupus, acne, 
and psoriasis. 

Use. In cutaneous affections, secondary syphilis, 
rheumatism, etc. The ointment of iodide of sulphur 
should be made at first by mixing grains x of the 
iodide with ^j lard : the strength may be gradually 
increased, as the skin can bear it, until it contains 
gss. to the §j lard or spermaceti ointment. 
SULPHOCARBOLATES, of soda, zinc, magnesia, etc. 
are expected to afford a convenient means of obtain- 
ing the effect of carbolic acid in diseases of parasitic 
origin, cholera, and zymotic diseases generally. 
SUMBUL RADIX. Sumbul root. 
Nerve stimulant. 

Dose. Of resin oid extract 1-2 grs. three times a day. 
Of fluid extract, 15n\,-f £j. 
SUPPOSITORIA. Suppositories. See p. 178. 
SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE. Comfrey. 
Demulcent, astringent. 
Dose, gij to ^iv of fluid extract. 
TABACUM. The leaves of Tobacco. (Nicotiana 
Tabacum.) 

Narcotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, 
errhine ; a violent poison, whether externally ap- 
plied or taken into the stomach. 

Use. In ileus and incarcerated hernia, in the form 
of clysters of the infusion, or the smoke in dropsy 
and dysuria ; chewing it relieves the pain of tooth- 
ache ; and as an errhine, it forms the basis of all the 
snuffs in common use. The infusion has been used 
as a lotion in scabies, tinea capitis, and other erup- 
tions, but is apt to induce sickness. 

Dose. See Infusum Tabaci. For clysters, 3j is 
infused in Oj of boiling water. 
TAMARINDUS. The Pulp of Tamarind. (T. indica.) 
Laxative, refrigerant. 



132 TES 

Use. In dysentery and fevers, particularly those 
attended with an increased secretion of bile, and 
putrid symptoms. Tamarind whey, made by boiling 
^ij of the fruit with Ojss. milk, and straining, is an 
excellent diluent in fevers. 

Dose. gss. to gij, often added to senna and to 
manna. 

Incomp. Carbonates, and acetates of potassa and 
soda ; the resinous cathartics ; infusum sennae. 
TANACETUM. Leaves of Tansy. (T. vulgare.) 

Tonic, anthelmintic. 

Use. In gout; hysteria, connected with suppres- 
sion of the menses ; in worms, seldom used. 

Dose. gss. to 3j. It is drunk as a tea by gouty 
people. 
TAPIOCA. Tapioca (fecula of root Janipha Manihot). 

A nutritious diet. 
TAEAXACUM. The Eoot of Dandelion. (Leontodon 
taraxacum.) 

Aperient, diuretic, resolvent. 

Use. In chronic inflammation, and incipient scir- 
rhus of the liver; chronic derangements of the 
stomach; dropsy, pulmonary tubercles, and jaundice. 

Dose, f ^ij of the following decoction three or four 
times a day: R. The full-grown roots, sliced, ^iv, 
Water Oij. Boil gently to a pint, strain, and add 
bitartrate of potassa giij. 

Incomp. Infusion of galls, nitrate of silver, bi- 
chloride of mercury, acetates of lead, sulphate of 
iron. 
TEREBINTHINA. Turpentine. 

Stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, laxative, exter- 
nally rubefacient. 

Dose. 9j to gj or §ss. to gj as anthelmintic. 
TESTAE. Oyster shells (burnt). 

Antacid, absorbent. 



TRI 133 

Use. Chiefly in the acidities of infancy, and during 
dentition. 

Dose. Grs. x. to gij. 
TIXCTUR,E. Tinctures. See p. 158. 
TORMENTILLA. Tormentil Boot. (Potentilla tor- 
ment ilia.) 

Astringent. 

Use. In the same cases as other astringents; but 
as it does not increase the heat of the body, tormentil 
is preferred in phthisical diarrhoea. 

Dose. Grs. x to £j of the powder ; or fgij of the 
following decoction : R. Pulv. Tormentilhe ^j, Aq. 
Puree Oj, decoque ad f ^xij et cola. 
TOXICODENDRON. Poison-oak. (Rhus toxicoden- 
dron.) 

Stimulant and narcotic ; an acrid narcotic poison. 

Use. In paralytic affections and herpetic eruptions ; 
but in the former its efficacy is doubtful; also in 
dropsy and phthisis. 

Dose. Grs. ss. to grs. iv, twice or thrice a day. 
TRAGACAXTHA. Tragacanth. (Astragalus vents.) 

Demulcent. 

Use. Small quantities held in the mouth, and 
swallowed very slowly, sheathe the fauces and allay 
tickling cough ; but it is chiefly used for pharmaceu- 
tical purposes, to suspend heavy, insoluble powders, 
and to impart consistency to troches. 

Dose. Grs. x to 3j. 

Incomp. Cupri Sulphas, plumbi acetas, and sul- 
phas ferri, precipitate its mucilage. 
TRIFOLIUM PRATEXSE. Red Clover. 

Recommended in cancerous ulcers. 
TRILLIUM PENDULUM. Bethroot. 

Astringent, tonic, antiseptic. 

Dose. %] of powdered root, £j to giij fluid ext. 
TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM. Fever Root. 



i34 TJVA 

Cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. 
Use. In the commencement of fevers. 
Dose. 9j to gss. of the powder acts as a cathartic ; 
of the extract, grs. x to J)j. It may be given with 
advantage combined with calomel. 
TEOCHISCI. Troches. See p. 167. 
TUSSILAGO. Coltsfoot. {T.farfara.) 
Demulcent, expectorant. 

Use. In cough, phthisis, other pulmonary com- 
plaints, and cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. gss. to 3j in milk. It is more generally 
given in decoction, made with a handful of the 
leaves boiled in two pints of water to one pint; 
strained and sweetened with syrup ; the dose, a tea- 
cupful occasionally. 
ULMI COETEX. Elm Bark. 
Demulcent, feebly tonic. 
Used in decoction. 
ULMUS. The inner bark of elm. ( U. fulva.) 

Tonic, alterative, diuretic, demulcent, nutritious. 
Use. In lepra and other cutaneous affections; 
diarrhoea, dysentery, diseases of the urinary organs. 
Externally as an emollient. 
Dose. Of decoction §iv to ^vj. 
ULMUS FULVA. Slippery-elm Bark. 
Demulcent, nutritious. 
Used in infusion, or as poultice, etc. 
UNGUENTA. Ointments. See p. 175. 
UVAPASSA. Baisins. 

Laxative. 
UVA UBSI. Leaves of Bear's Whortleberry. Eed- 
berried Trailing Whortleberry. . (Arctostaphylos uva 
ursi.) 
Tonic. 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea and dysentery; leucor- 
rhoea, and diabetes. It has been celebrated in calcu- 



VER 135 

lous and nephritic complaints ; but it appears to act 
in the same manner as other astringents, by merely 
allaying the pain and irritability of the bladder. In 
Phthisis ? 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. xv to Jss. 

Incomp. Salts of iron, tartar emetic, nitrate of silver, 
salts of lead, infusion of yellow cinchona bark. 
VALERIANA. Valerian Root. ( V. officinalis.) 

Antispasmodic, tonic, emmenagogue. 

Use. Hysteria, epilepsy, hemicrania, chlorosis. 

Dose. Of the powder 9j to gj three or four times a 
day, increasing it as far as the stomach can bear it. 

Incomp. Salts of iron. 
VALERIANATE OF IRON. 

Used in hysterical chlorosis. 

Dose. 1 gr. several times a day. 
VANILLA. 

Aromatic, nerve stimulant. 

Dose. Infusion gss. to Oj boiling water, in table- 
spoonful doses. 
VERATRIA. Veratria. An alkaloid prepared from 
Sabadilla. 

A powerful topical excitant. 

Use. Externally applied as an ointment in neural- 
gia, and in gouty and rheumatic paralysis. 

Dose. Not more than one-twelfth of a grain. 
VERATRUM ALBUM. White Hellebore Root. 

Violently emetic; purgative, even when applied 
externally to an issue ; errhine ; externally stimulant. 

Use. It is never given internally, unless in maniacal 
cases, in which it is not more useful than other strong- 
purges ; and even its use to promote a discharge from 
the nose in apoplexy and lethargy requires great cau- 
tion. For its external use, see Ointment. 

Dose. As an errhine, grs. iij or grs. iv, snuffed at 
• bedtime. 



136 vin 

VEEATKUM VIEIDE. American Hellebore. 

Slightly acrid, sedative, emetic, diaphoretic. 

Use. It is an arterial sedative, in fevers, pneumo- 
nia, etc. 

Dose. Of the tincture rr^iij to tt\,v, repeated every 
hour or so, and watched till its effects appear on the 
pulse. The fluid extract is, perhaps, the preferable 
form. 
VEBBASCUM THAPSUS. Mullein. 

Demulcent, emollient, anodyne. An infusion used 
in mild catarrhs. 
VEBBENA OFFICINALIS. Vervain. 

Formerly of repute in scrofula. 
VIBUENUM PEUNIFOLIUM. Black Haw. 

Nervine. Used to prevent miscarriage. 

Dose. ^j-§ij of infusion or decoction of bark. 
VINA MEDICATA. Medicated Wines, see p. 161. 
VINUM XEEICUM. Spanish White Wine, or Sherry. 

When good, and of a proper age, wine, in small 
quantities, is tonic, antispasmodic, and nutritive ; 
when new, flatulent and purgative; sooner intoxi- 
cating, and, instead of strengthening, produces de- 
bility. 

Use. In the low and sinking stages of typhus fever, 
the judicious exhibition of it fills the pulse, and re- 
stores its firmness, without increasing delirium ; but 
it is hurtful if given when the skin is very hot and 
dry. It is useful also in tetanus, chorea, and some 
other convulsive affections ; and in most cases in 
which tonics are indicated. In convalescence from 
all severe diseases it is a remedy on which much de- 
pendence used to be placed ; much less used at present. 
Hock is the best wine for dyspeptics. 

Dose, f Jij to Oiij in twenty-four hours, according 
to the nature of the disease and the previous habits 
of the patient. 



zin 137 

VIOLA. Violet. (V. pedata.) 

Mucilaginous. Slightly laxative. 
WINTEBA ABOMATICA. Winter's Bark. 
Carminative, tonic. 

Use, As an adjunct to stomachic infusions, in dys- 
pepsia, and scorbutus. 
XANTHOEKHIZA. Yellow Boot. (X apiifolia.) 
Tonic. 

Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is indicated. 
Its properties are analogous to those of columbo and 
quassia. 
X A NTHOX YLUM. Prickly Ash. < (X fraxineum. ) 
Stimulant, diaphoretic, resembling mezereon and 
guaiac. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, and as a topical 
remedy for toothache. 

Dose. Of the powder from grs. x to £ss. ; of the in- 
fusion, from f §j to f 3iij> three or four times in twenty- 
four hours ; or of the decoction, made by boiling By 
of the bark in Oij of water for fifteen minutes, f §iv 
to f §viij every three or four hours. 
ZINCI ACETAS. 

Use. As an astringent collyrium, and as an injection 
in gonorrhoea. 

Gr. j to ij to f gj water. 
ZINCI CABBONAS PE^CIPITATUS. Precipitated 
Carbonate of Zinc. 

Use. Same as Calamine. 
ZINCI CHLOEIDUM. Chloride of Zinc. 

Use. As an alterative and antispasmodic in scrof- 
ula, epilepsy, etc. As an escharotic in scirrhous tu- 
mors, etc. 

Dose. 4 to 8 drops of ethereal tincture (Iss. to 

ZINCI IODIDUM. Iodide of Zinc. 

A solution of 10 to 30 grs. to fgj of water has been 
applied with advantage to enlarged tonsils. 



138 zin 

ZINCI OXIDUM. Oxide of Zinc. 

Tonic, antispasmodic, externally detergent, exsic- 
cative. 

Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic 
affections. For its external use, see Ung. Zinci. 

Dose. Gr. j to vj twice a day. 
ZINCI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Zinc. 

Emetic, tonic, antispasmodic, externally astringent. 

Use. As it operates very quickly, it is used, com- 
bined with infusion of ipecacuanha, to empty the 
stomach in the commencement of the cold stage of the 
intermittent paroxysm ; and in other cases where im- 
mediate vomiting is required. As a tonic, it is useful 
in phthisis, dyspepsia, and nervous affections. Ex- 
ternally in collyria, in ophthalmia, after the inflam- 
matory action has subsided ; in injections, in gonor- 
rhoea ; and as a lotion in external inflammations, and 
to stop inordinate discharge. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss., to produce vomiting; as a 
tonic, gr. j to grs. ij, twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, sesquicarb. ammonia, 
hydrosulphurets, lime-water, astringent vegetable in- 
fusions, milk. 
ZINCI VALEKIANAS. Valerianate of Zinc. 

Antispasmodic. 

Dose. 1-2 grs., several times a day. 
ZINGIBER. ^ Ginger Eoot. _ (Z. officinale.) 

Carminative, stimulant, sialagogue. 

Use. In gout, flatulent colic, dyspepsia, and tym- 
panitis; as an adjunct to griping purgatives; less 
heating than pepper. 

Dose. Grs. x to 9j ; an overdose is apt to induce 
spasmodic stricture. 




VIL 

PHARMACEUTICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE 
MATERIA MEDICA. 



I. — Inorganic Products. 

Mineral Acids — Tonics and Astringents. 

Acidum Carbonicum (see Aq. Medicata). 

Muriaticum, HC1,+ water. Dose rt\, 3 to 5. 
" dilutum. 1 pt. to 3 of water. 

Dose TT\, 15 to 40. 
Nitricum. HO,N0 5 +3HO. Dose n\, 1 to 4. 
dilutum. 1 to 6 pts. water. Dose 
tt\, 15 to 40. 
Mtro-muriaticum. 1 pt. Kit., 2 Mur. Acid. 

Dose Tt\, 3 to 5. 
Sulphuricum. HO,S0 3 . Dose TT^ 1 to 2. 

" dilutum. 1 pt. to 13 water. 

Dose n\, 15 to 40. 
" Aromaticum — Alcoholic and 

Aromatic. Dose n\, 15 to 30. 
Phosphoricum (glacial), HO,P0 5 . Solid. 

" dilutum. 1 pt. to 10 water. 

Dose n\, 15 to 40. 

139 



140 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

The Alkalies and their Salts. 

i 

Group 1. 

Potash. From lye of wood ashes. 

Potassse Carbonas Impurus. (Pearlash.) 

Salaeratus. . 2KO,3C0 2 . 

Potassse Carbonas. KO,CC 2 . 

Liquor Potassse Carbonas. ^xij to f^xij water. Anti- 

lithic antacid. Dose rr^ 10 to f 3j. 
Potassse Bicarbonas. KO,2C0 2 ,HO. 
Liquor Potassaa. Boiling Carb. with Hydrate of Lime. 

Antacid. Dose TT^ 5 to f gss. 
Potassa. KO,HO. Caustic Potash. Escharotic. 

cum Calce. _Milder escharotic. 
Potassse Acetas. KO,Ac. Diuretic, Grs. 10 to gij. 
" Citras. KO,Ci. Kefrigerant, diaphoretic. 
Dose ^j to gss. 
Chloras. KO,CL0 5 . Kefrigerant, diuretic. 
Dose grs. 10 to gss. 

Group 2. 

Sodii Chloridum. NaC. (Common Salt.) 
Sodae Sulphas. NaO,SO 3 +10HO. Cathartic. Dose 
gss. to §j. 
" Carbonas. NaO,CO a +10HO. (Sal. Soda.) 
" Carbonas Exsiccatus. NaO,C0 2 . Antacid. Dose 

grs. 5 to 15. 
" Bicarbonas. NaO,2C0 2 +HO. Antacid. Dose 

" Phosphas. 2NaO,HO,P0 5 +24HO. Cathartic, 
diuretic. Dose gij to gj. 
Liquor Sodas Chlorinatae. Labarraque's Disinfectant. 
Sodse Acetas. NaO,Ac+6HO. Used in preparing 
Acetic Acid. 
" Valerianas. NaO,Va. For preparing other va- 
lerianates. 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 141 

i 

Group 3. 

Crude Argols or Tartar. From wine casks. 

f KO,HO, 2 T (eream of tartar). 
Potassae Bitartras. -j Purified by recrystallization. 

( Dose gss^ to §j. 
Sodse et Pot. Tartras. KO,NaOT+8HO. Cathartic. 

Dose^ij to gj. 
Potassaa Tartras. 2KO,T. Dose ^j to gj. 

Group 4. 

Potassse Mtras. KO,N0 5 . Sedative, diuretic. Dose 

grs. v to 3j. 
Sal prunelle — fused saltpetre. 

Potassae Sulphas. KO,S0 3 . Cathartic. Dose £j to gij. 
Sodae Boras. NaO,2BO 3 +10HO. Used in gargles, etc. 

Group 5. 

Ammoniae Murias. NH 3 ,HC1. Stimulant, expectorant. 

Dose grs. 5 to 20. 
Liquor Ammoniae — aqueous sol. of ammonia. 

Spirit « alcoholic « " {^° ei ;°d?i 

" " aromaticus " with aromatics. 

Dose tt\,20 to f 5j. 
Ainmoniae Carbonas. NH 4 0,C0 2 . Stimulant, antacid. 

Dose grs. 5. 
Liquor Ammon. Acetatis. (Spts. of Mindererus.) Dia- 
phoretic. Dose fs>j to f^ss. 

Preparations of Earths. 

1. Lime. 
Creta Preparata. CaO,C0 2 . Antacid. Dose grs. 10 
to 3j. 



142 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

Calcis Carb. Preecipitata — same as above, but more ele- 
gant. 

Liquor Calcis — Lime-water. Antacid. Dose f§ss. to 
fgij, in milk. 

Calcii Chloridum. CaCl. 

Liquor Calcii Chloridii, 1 pt. CaCl in 2.5. Deobstruent. 
Dose t^30 to fgj. 

Calx Chlorinate. CaO,C10+CaCL Chloride of Lime. 

Calcis Phosphas. 3CaO,P0 5 . Antiscrofulitic. Dose. 
grs. 10 to gss. 

Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis Comp. Syrup of the phos- 
phates. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

2. Magnesia, 

Magnesiae Sulphas. MgO,S0 3 +7HO. Cathartic. Dose. 
gss. to §j. 
" Carbonas. 4MgO,C0 2 ,HO,MgO,2HO. Ant- 

acid. Dose 9j to 3j. 
" Bicarbonas. (Soluble Magnesia.) 
Magnesia. MgO. By calcining the Carb. Cathartic. 

Dosegj. 
Liquor Magnes. Citratis. Dose |jj of salt in f^xij 
bottle. 

3. Baryta. 

Liquor Barii Chloridi. §j to f^viij water. Deobstru- 
ent. Dose gtt. 5. 

4. Alumina. 

Alumen. KO,S0 3 ,+Al 2 3 ,3S0 3 +24HO. Astringent, 
etc. 
" Exsiccatum. (Burnt Alum.) Used externally. 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 143 

Non-Metallic Elements. 
% 1. Iodine. 

Iodinium. I. Alterative. 

Potassii Iodidum. KI. Alterative. Dose grs. 2 to 5. 
Tinct. Iodinii. gss. to f §j Alcohol. Used externally. 
" " Comp. I, grs. 15. KI. gss. to fgj. 

Dose tt\,15 to 30. 
Liquor " I, grs. 22 J. KI gr. 45 to fgj. LugoPs 

Solution. Dose tt\,10 to 20. 

2. Bromine. 

Brominum. Br. Obtained from bittern at Salt Works. 
Potassii Bromidum. Alterative. Dose grs. 5 to 10. 
Liquor Ferri Bromidi. Solution in excess. Altera- 
tive. Dose V(\J) to 10. 

3. Sulphur. 

Sulphur. S. sublimed. Alterative, laxative. Dose 

grs. 10 to ^ij. 
prsecipitatum. Alterative, laxative. Dose 

^ij to giij. 
Sulphuris Iodidum. IS 2 . In ointment. 

Metallic Elements. 
1. Iron. (Ferrum.) 

Ferri Pulvis. Fe. (Quevenne's Iron by Hydrogen.) 

Dose gr. j to iij. 
" Sulphas. FeO,S0 3 +7HO. Hsemetic, astringent. 

Dose grs. 3 to 5. 
" Subcarbonas. Fe 2 3 2HO+FeO,C0 2 . Dose grs. 

5 to Bj. 



144 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

Ferri Phosphas. In Amenorrhoea, etc. Dose grs. 5 

to 10. 
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, 32 grs. Fe 2 ,Cl 3 in, f gj alcohol. 

Astringent. Dose tt\,10 to 30. 
Ferrum Ammoniatum. Deobstruent. Dose grs. 4 to 10. 
Liquor Ferri per Sulphatis. Fe 2 3) 3S0 3 -f-Aq. 
Ferri Oxidum Hydratum. Fe 2 3 ,3HO. By adding 
Ammonia to the above. 

" Citras. Fe 2 3 ,Ci. Dose grs. 3 to 5. 

" et Quinise Citras. Dose grs. 2 to 5. 

" Lactas. FeO,L,3HO. In Chlorosis. Dose grs. 

J to iij- 

" et Potassge Tartras. Fe 2 3 , KO,T. Dose grs. 10 

to 20. 
" Ferrocyanuretum. 3Cfy,4Fe. Sedative, tonic. 
Dose grs. 5 to 15. 
Liquor Ferri Mtratis. Fe 2 3 ,3N0 5 +Aq. Astringent. 

Dose nv5 to 15. 
Ferri Iodidum. Fel. Decomposes. Dose grs. j to ij. 
Liquor Ferri Iodidum. Fel. Grs. vij to 3j Syrup. 

Dose tt\,20 to 40. 
Ferri Bromidum. FeBr. Tonic, alterative. Dose grs. 
2 to 5. 
" Valerianas. Fe 2 3 , 3Va. In Hysteria, etc. Dose 
gr- j- 

2. Manganese. 

Manganesise Sulphas. MnO,S0 3 ,+4HO. Tonic, cath. 
Dose grs. 5 to gij. 
" Carbonas. 2MnO,C0 2 4-HO. Dose grs. 5. 

Syrupus Manganesii Iodidi. gj Mn I to fgj. Dose 

TT110. 

3. Copper. 

Cupri Sulphas. CuO,S0 3 +5HO. Tonic, astringent, etc. 
Dose gr. J to 5. 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 145 

Cuprum Ammoniatum. CuOjS0 3 +2NH 3 HO. Anti- 
spasm. Dose gr. J. 
Cupri Subacetas. 2CuO,Ac+6HO. Escharotic. 

4. Zinc, 

Calamina Preparata. (Carbonate.) ZnO,C0 2 . 
Zinci Sulphas. ZnO,S0 3 +7HO. Tonic, \ gr. to ij ; 
Emetic 10 grs. 
" Carbon as Prsecipitatus. Used in Cerate. 
" Oxidum. ZnO. Tonic, astringent, desiccant. 
" Acetas. ZnO,Ac. Astringent ; used in Collyria 

and Injection. 
" Chloridum. ZnCl. Escharotic, antiseptic. 
" Cyanuretum. ZnCy. In Epilepsy, Chorea, etc. 
Dose \ to j. __ 

Valerian as. ZnO,Aa. In nervous affections. 
Dose grs. j to ij. 

5. Lead. 

Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum. PbO. Litharge. 

" Acetas. PbO,Ac,3HO. Sedative, astringent. 
Dose grs \ to iij. 
Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. (Goulard's Extract.) 
Plumbi Carbonas. PbO,C0 2 . Used externally. 

" Nitras. PbO,N0 5 . Disinfectant. 

" Iodidum. Pbl. In resolvent ointment. 

6. Silver. 






Argenti Nitras. • AgO,N0 5 . (Crystals.) Alterative. 
Dose gr. \ to j. 
Nitras fusus (sticks). Lunar Caustic. 
Oxidum. AgO ; a substitute for the Nitrate. 
Dose gr. J to ij. 
10 



146 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

7. Bismuth. 
Eismuthi Subnitras. Bi0 3 ,N0 5 . Tonic, antispasm. 

8. Antimony. 

Antimonii Sulphuretum. SbS 3 . Horse medicine. 

" Sulphuretum Prsecipitatum. Sb0 3 +5Sb,S3 

.+16HO. Alterative. Dose gr.j^ to iij. 
" et Potassse Tartras. SbO s ,KOT,+3HO. 

Emetic, grs. ij. Diaphoretic and expec- 
torant, gr. -J to \. Sedative, \ to j gr. 
Yinum Antimonii. Grs. ij to f §j white wine. Dose 

gtt. x to f 3j. 
Pulvis Antimonialis. (James's powder.) Alterative, 
diaphoretic. Dose gr. iij to x. 

9. Arsenic, 

Acidum Arseniosum. As0 3 . (White Arsenic.) 
Liquor Potassse Arsenitis. As0 3 ,KO,C0 2 , 64 grs. each 

to Oj — grs. iv As0 3 to f^j. (Fowler's Solution.) 

Dose jr\,3 to 15. 
Arsenici lodidum. Asl 3 . 
Liquor Hydrargyri et Arsenici lodidum. AsI 3 -f-HgI, 

each, 70 grs. to Oj. (Donovan's Solution.) Dose 

n\,5 to 20. 

10. Mercury. 

Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. HgCl 2 . Altera- 
tive. Dose gr. y 1 ^ to J. 

" Chloridum Mite. HgCl. Cathartic and 

alterative. Dose T X 2 to 20 grs. 

" Sulphas Flavus. 3HgO,2S0 3 . Emetic. 

Dose 3 grs. 

" lodidum Eubrum. Hgl 2 . Alterative. 

Dose r V to i g r « 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 147 

Hydrargyri Iodidum. Hgl. Yiride. Alterative. Dose 
J to 1 gr. 

" Sulphuretum Rubrum. HgS. Alterative, 

fumigations. 

u Sulphur etum Nigrum. Hg 2 S. Mild al- 

terative. Dose grs. 5 to 3j. 

" Oxidum Rubrum. Hg0 2 . Stimulant, ex- 

ternal. 

" Oxidum Nigrum. HgO. Alterative. 

Dose J to 3 grs. 
Cyanuretum. HgCy. Alterative. Dose 

tV t0 i 8 T - 
Hydrargvrum Ammoniatum. Hg,Cl,NH 2 . External. 

" ' cum Greta. 3Hg-f-5^CaO ; C0 2 . Antacid 

alterative. Dose J to 3 grs. 



II. Organic Products. 

Lignin and its Derivatives. 

Lignin or Cellulose. C 24 H 20 O 20 . (Gossypium, cotton.) 
Collodium. Ethereal Solution of prepared cotton — 

Artificial cuticle. 
Carbo Ligni (Carbo animalis similar). Charcoal. 

Dose 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 
Acidum Aceticum. (Dilutum in 1 pt. to 7 of water.) 
Spiritus Pyroxvlicus. C 2 H 4 2 . (Wood Naphtha.) 

Sedative. Dose 10 to 40 drops. 
Creasotum. C 14 H 8 2 . Internally to check nausea. 

Dose gtt. j. 

Farinaceous, Mucilaginous, and Saccharine Medicines. 

1. Fecula. — Amylum (starch), Canna (tous le mois), 
Maranta (arrowroot), Sago, Florida arrowroot, 
Tapioca. 



148 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

2. Gums. — Acacia, Mezquite gum, Salep, Tragacan- 

tha. 

3. Sugars. — Saccharum, Saccharum candium (rock 

candy), Lactin (sugar of milk), Treacle (mo- 
lasses), Mel (honey), Manna, Extractum glycyr- 
rhizse (liquorice). 

Protein and Similar Principles. 

Fel Bovinum. (Inspissated ox-gall.) Laxative. Dose 

grs. 5 to 10. 
Ichthyocolla (Gelatin) — as dietetic and in plaster. 

Alcohol and Ethers. 

Alcohol. C 4 H 5 0,HO. The standard has sp. gravity 
.835. Of this, Brandy has 55 per cent., Irish Whis- 
key 52, Rum has 53, Gin 51, strong Port Wine 25, 
weak Port 19, Currant Wine 20, Madeira 24, Sherry 
19, Claret 12 to 17, Hock 12, Champagne 12, Cider 5 
to 9, Ale 6 to 8, Porter 4 to 6 per cent. 

JEther. C 4 H 5 0. Best Anaesthetic 1 pt. Ether, 2 of 
Chloroform. 

Spiritus jEtheris Compositus. (Hoffman's Anodyne.) 
Dose gtt. 20 to fgj. 

Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici. Refrigerant, diaphoretic. 
Dose gtt. 10 to fgij. 

Chloroformum. C 2 HC1 3 . Anaesthetic, anodyne, etc. 
Dose gtt. 20 to 60. 

Fixed Oils and Fats. 

Glycerin. C 6 H 7 5 +HO (sweet principle). Lubricant, 

miscible with water, etc. 
List. — Adeps (lard), Oleum Adipis and Stearin (from 

lard), Sevum (mutton suet), 01. Amygdalee, 01. 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 149 

Macidis (from fruit of myristica moschata), 01. Ca- 
cao, 01. Olivae, 01. Papaveris, 01. Sesami (benne 
oil), Oil Lini (flaxseed), 01. Bubulum, 01. Morrhuee 
(cod-liver), 01. cetacei, 01. Eicini (castor oil), 01. 
Tiglii (croton), 01. Palrnae. 

Volatile or Essential Oils. 

Carbo-Hydrogen essential oils are the oils of Turpentine, 
Savine, Juniper, Cardamoms, Lemon, Cedrat, Neroli, 
Bergamot, Orange, Cubebs, Copaibae, Pepper, Gin- 
ger, Amber, Cloves, and Valerian. 

Oxygenated oils (most soluble), are oils of Anise, Absin- 
thium, bitter Almonds, Asarum, Achillea, Buchu, 
Cajeput, Canella, Carraway, Catnip, Cascarilla, Cloves 
(heavy), Chenopodium, Carrot seed, Cassia, Cinna- 
mon, Chamomile, Coriander, Cumin, Dill, Erigeron, 
Filix mas, Fennel seed, Gaultheria, Hedeoma, Hops, 
Lavender, Marrubium, Matico, Matricaria, Melissa, 
Mint (pepper and spear), Monarda, Nutmeg, Origa- 
num, Pimenta, Pulegium, Rose (attar), Rosemary, 
Rue, Salvia, Sambucus, Sassafras, Serpentaria, Tana- 
cetum, and Valerian (heavy). 

Sulphuretted oils are oils of Mustard, Horseradish, Gar- 
lic or Onion, and Assafoetida. 

Camphors have a close relation to essential oils ; many 
of which deposit them. 

Olea. Oils. 

Oleum Amygdalae Dulcis. Dose f gj to f §j. 
" Anthemidis. 5-15 drops. 
" Bergamii. Perfume. 

Bubulum. Neat's -foot oil. Dose as cod-liver 

oil. 
Cajeputi. Stimulant. 1-5 drops. 
Camphorae. 1-2 drops. Rubefacient anodyne. 



150 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

Oleum Cinnamomi. 1-2 drops. 
" Limonis. Flavoring. 
" Lini. Flaxseed oil. 

Morrhuse. Cod-liver oil. Dose a tablespoonful. 
" Myristicse. 1-2 drops. 
" Oliva. Olive oil. 
" Ricini. Castor oil. Dose fgj. Give in mint 

or cinnamon water, or hot coffee. 
" E-osse. Perfume. 
" Succini. Oil of Amber. 
" Terebinthinse. Dose 5-30 drops or more. 

Theobromse. Cacao butter. Used for supposi- 
tories, etc. 
Thy mi (Origani). Local application. 
" Tiglii. Croton oil. Dose 1-2 drops. Counter- 
irritant. 

Distilled Oils. 

Oleum Anisi. 5-15 drops. 
" Cari. 1-10 drops. 
" Caryophylli. 2-6 drops. 
" Chenopodii. Anthelmintic dose for child 4-8 

drops. 
" Copaibse. 10-15 drops. 
" Coriandri. 5-10 drops. 
" Cubeba.^ 10-12 drops. 

Erigontis Canadensis. 5-10 drops. 
" Foeniculi. 5-15 drops. 
" Graultherise, 5-10 drops. 
" Hedeomse. 2-10 drops. 
" Juniperi. 5-15 drops. 
" Lavandula. 1-5 drops. 
" Menthse Piperitae. 1-3 drops. 
" " Viridis. 2-5 drops. 

" Monardse. 2-3 drops. Eubefacient. 
" Origani. Rubefacient. 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 151 



Oleum Pimenta. 3-6 drops. 
Rosmarini. 3-6 drops. 
Rutse. 2-5 drops. 
Sabinse. 2-5 drops. 
Sassafras. 2-10 drops. 
Succini Rectificatum. 5-15 drops. 
Tabaci. Rarely used. 
Valerianae. 3-5 drops. 







Oleoresins. 


Oleoresina Capsici. 1 drop. Powerful rubefacient 
" Cubebse. 5-30n\,. 
" Filicis. 3ss. 
" Lupulinee. 2-5 grs. 
" Piperis. l-2n^. 
" Zingiberis. ltr^, much diluted. 



Resins. 

1. Resins proper. — Resina, mastich, Copal, Elemi, San- 
darac, Pix Canadensis, Pix Burgundica, Guaiaci 
resina, Succinum, Copaivic acid. 

2. Oleo resins. — Terebinthina (white turpentine), Tere- 
binthina Canadensis (balsam of fir), Terebinthina 
Veneta (Venice turpentine), Copaiba. 

3. Gum resins. — Ammoniacum (stimulant, expectorant), 
Assafoetida (antispasmodic), Gralbanum (stimulant, 
antispasmodic), Sagapenum (stimulant like assafoe- 
tida), G-ainbogia (acrid cathartic), Scammonium 
(cathartic), Olibanum (frankincense), Myrrha (em- 
menagogue and astringent). 

4. Balsams. — Benzoinum, Balsamum Peruvianum 
(stimulant, expectorant), Balsamum Tolutanum 
(stimulant, expectorant), Styrax (stimulant and ex- 
pectorant). 

5. Other articles containing resins or resinoid active prin- 



152 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

ciples. — Calamus, Cimicifuga, Colocynthis (colocyn- 
thin), Extract Cannabis (cannabin), Guaiaci lignin, 
Helleborus (Helleborin), Jalapa (jalapin), Meze- 
reum, Podophyllum (podophyllin), Pyrethrum 
(pyrethrin), Zingiberis, and drugs containing essen- 
tial oils. (See Mesinoid Extracts,) 

Neutral Organic Principles. 

Names of alkaline principles terminate in ia, neutral 
or subacid principles in in or ine. 

1. Extractive matters, soluble in water. — Aurantin (from 
cortex aurantii and limonis) — Bitter extractive of 
Anthemis, of Canella, of Chimaphila, of Coptis, of 
Cornus Florida, of Eupatorium, of Gentiana, of Mar- 
rubium, of Serpentaria, and acrid extractive of Scillse 
— Cathartin (in senna, cassia, and rhamni bacca), 
Ergotin (extractive of ergot), Extractive of Juglans 
(cathartis), Ilicin (in ilex, used as substitute for 
quinise). 

2. Neutral crystalline principles. — Absinthin (from ab- 
sinthium), Aloin (from aloe), Amygdalin (from 
amygdala amara), Asparagin and Althein (from 
asparagus, althaea, glycyrrhizse, and Symphytum), 
Apocynin (from apocynum cannabinum, emetic and 
cathartic), Asclepione (from asclepias syriaca, nar- 
cotic), Caffein (from coffee, isomeric with thein), 
Cantharidin (from caDtharis), Cascarillin (from cas- 
carilla), Cetrarin (from cetraria), Columbin (from 
colomba), Cubebin (from cubeba), Cusparin (from 
angustura), Daphnin (from mezereum), Digitalin 
(from digitalis, a violent poison ; dose, one- thirtieth 
of a grain), Elaterin (from elaterium, powerful cath- 
artic; dose, one-tenth grain), Esculin (from sesculus), 
Helleborin (from helleboris), Hesperidin (from cor- 
tex limonis, etc.), Hydrastin (from hydrastis — see 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 153 

page 90). Limonin (from seeds of lemon), Lirioden- 
drin (from liriodendron), Maticin (from matico), 
Meconin, Narcein, and Narcotin (from opium), Phlo- 
ridzin (from apple, cherry and plum trees), Picro- 
toxin (from cocculus indicus,) Piperin (from piper 
nigrum and longum), Quassin (from quassia and 
simaruba), Salicin (from salix, etc.), Santonin (from 
semen santonica — a popular anthelmintic — dose 1 
to 4 grs.), Saponin (from saponaria), Sarsaparillin 
(from sarsaparilla), Seillitin (from scilla), Scoparin 
(from scoparius), Senegin (from senega), Taraxacin 
(from taraxacum), Thein (from tea — see Caffein), 
Theobromin (from theobroma cacao), Xanthoxylin 
(from xanthoxylum). 
3. Coloring principles. — Indigotin (from indigo), Or- 
cine (from litmus), Chlorophylle (from leaves), Car- 
thamus (red and yellow), Carmine (from coccus), 
Polycroite (from crocus — yellow), Curcumin (from 
curcuma — yellow), Hsematin (from hsemotoxylon), 
Quercitron (quercitron — yellow), Santalin (from 
santalum), Rubian, Alizarin, and Purpurin (from 
rubia), Anchusin (from anchusa — red, green), Bha- 
barbaric acid (from rheum — yellow, red, with al- 
kali), Sanguinarina (from sanguinaria), Hydrastine 
(from hydrastis — yellow). 

Vegetable Acids. 

1. Fruit acids. — Citric (in lemon, etc.), Tartaric (in 
grapes, used in effervescing drinks), Malic (in apples, 
etc.), Oxalic (in rhubarb, sorrel, etc.), Pectic. 

2. Astringent and allied acids. — Tannic (styptic, dose 
2 to 10 grs.), Gallic (astringent, dose 5 to 20 grains), 
Ellagic, Catechu - tannic (in kino, catechu, etc.), 
Cincho - tannic (in cinchona bark), Cephselic (in 
ipecac). 



154 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

3. Balsamic, having relation to essential oils. — Benzoic, 
Cinnamic, Valerianic and Hydrocyanic (sedative). 
Dose of officinal dilute acid tr^ii to v. 

4. Combined with alkaloids in plants. — Meconic (with 
morphia, etc., in opium), Kinic (with quinia, etc., in 
cinchonas), Aconitic (with aconitia, etc., in aconite), 
Strychnic or Igasuric (with strychnia and brucia in 
nux vomica), Veratric (with veratria in cevadilla 
seed), Calumbic (with bebeerina, in columbo), Ceva- 
dic (with colchicia, in colchicum), Coccalinic (with 
menispermina, in cocculus indicus). 

Vegetable Alkaloids. 

Aconitia (J to 2 grs. to £j of ointment in neuralgia), 
Delphina, Berberina, Cissampelina, Menispermina. 
The opium alkaloids are Morphia, JSTarcotin, Codeia, 
Paramorphia or Thebaina and Papaverina. Dose of 
morphia salts -g- to J gr. — Sanguinarina, Conia. The 
Cinchona alkaloids are Quinia, Quinidia, Cinchonia 
(Quinoidine or Chinoidine is precipitated extract), 
(Quinse Sulphas is the well-known antiperiodic — the 
sulphates of the other alkaloids have been used as 
substitutes), Emetia or Emetina (active principle of 
ipecac), Arnicina, Lobelina, Strychnia (tonic excito- 
motor, dose T ^- gr.), Brucia (like strychnia, from nux 
vomica, etc., less powerful), Atropia (used in solution 
for dilating the pupil of the eye), Daturia, Hyoscy- 
amia, Solania, Mcotia or Mcotina (active principle 
of tobacco), Bebeerina (the sulphate is tonic and 
antiperiodic, dose 3 to 10 grs.), Veratria (used in 
neuralgia and gout, dose y 1 ^ gr., or externally in oint- 
ment, 9j to §j), Colchicia. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 155 



III. Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Medicated Waters. 

1st Class. — By trituration with an insoluble substance, 
and subsequent filtration. 

Aqua Camphora. Camphor gj. Carb. Magnes. gij to 
Oj. Dose f^ss. 
Amygdalae Amara?. Oil Ti\,xvj. Carb. Magnes. 

a'" to 0i J- Do g e f Eh 

Cinnamomi. Oil u^xvj. Carb. Magnes. gj to 

Oj. Dose f §ij. 
Foeniculi. Oil irtxvj. Carb. Magnes. gj to Oj. 

Dose fgij. 
Mentha? Pip. Oil tr^xyj. Carb. Magnes. gj to 

Oj. Dose f §ij. 
Mentha? Virid. Oil TTtxvj. Carb. Magnes. gj to 

Oj. Dose f gij. 

2d Class. — By distillation. 
Aq. Rosa. Rose petals Hbj to Oj. 

3d Class. — By charging water with gas. 
Aq. Acidi Carbonici, 5 parts C0 2 to 1 of water. 

Infusions. 
1st Class. — With maceration, by boiling water. 

Group 1. — §j to Oj. 

Infusum Cinchona? Flava?. Tonic. 
" Cinchona? Rubra?. Tonic. 

Cascarilla?. Stimulant, tonic. 



156 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Infusum Eupatorii. Tonic — a diaphoretic, and emetic 
when hot. 

" Kramerise. Astringent. 

" Sarsaparilla. Alterative, diaphoretic. 

" Ulmi. Demulcent. 

" Buchu. Demulcent, diuretic. 

" Armoracise (with mustard-seed §j). Stimu- 
lant, diuretic. 

" Senna (+ Coriander §j). Cathartic. 

Group 2. — ^ss. to Oj. 

Infusum Angusturae. Stimulant, tonic. 

Anthemidis. Tonic, emetic when hot. 
" Calumbse. Tonic. 
" Serpentarise. Tonic. 
" Valerianae. Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Capsici. Arterial stimulant. Dose f §ss. 
" Zingiberis. Carminative. 

Humuli. Tonic, mild narcotic. 
" Spigelian. Anthelmintic. 
" Catechu Comp. (+ Cinnamon gj). Astrin- 
gent. 
" Lini Comp. (-f Liquorice Root gij). Demul- 
cent. 

Group 3. — Proportions varied. 

Infusum Caryophylli gij to Oj. Stimulant. 

" Rhei ^ij to Oj. Cathartic. 

" Tabaci gj to Oj. Sedative injection in hernia. 

" Digitalis 3j to Oss. +Tinct. Cinnam. fgj. 
Narcotic. Dose f^j. 

" Rosse Comp. JJss. to Oijss. -(-Sugar, diluted 
Sulphuric Acid, Water. Adjuvant to as- 
tringent gargles. 

" Taraxaci §ij to Oj. Diuretic. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 157 

2d Class. — With cold water, by maceration or displacement. 

Infusum Cinchona Comp. gj to Oj. +Arom. Sulph. 
Acid fgj. Tonic. 
Pruni Virginianse gss. to Oj. Sedative, tonic. 
Quassise gij to Oj. Tonic. 
" Gentianse Comp. ^ss. to Oj. + Bitter Orange- 
peel, Coriander, Dil. Alcohol, Water. Tonic. 
" Sassafras Medullar 3J to Oj. Demulcent. 

Solutions or Liquors. 

Liquor Ammonise Acetatis. Spiritus Mindereri. Spirit 
of Mindererus. Dilute Acetic Acid, saturated 
with Carbonate of Ammonia. A valuable 
diaphoretic. Dose §ss. to Jjss. 

" Ammoniae Citratis. Dose f gij to f ^vi. 

" Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi. Donovan's So- 
lution. Alterative in skin disease. Dose 5 
drops 3 times a day. 

" Arsenici Hydrochloride. Hydrochloric Solu- 
tion of Arsenic. Similar to Fowler's Solution. 
Dose 2 to 8n\,. 

" Barii Chloridi. Solution of Chloride of Barium. 
Used in cancer and scrofula. Dose 5 drops. 

" Bismuthi et Ammonise Citratis. Solution of 
Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia. Dose f gj. 

" Calcii Chloridi. Solution of Chloride of Cal- 
cium. Dose 30rr\, to gj. 

" Calcis. Lime Water. Lime giv. Water Oviii. 
Dose f gij to f^iv during the day. The spray 
from the atomizer in membranous croup. 

" Calcis Saccharatus. Saccharated Solution of 
Lime — 3j equal to ^j of Lime Water. 

" Ferri Citratis. Solution of Citrate of Iron. 
Dose lOir^ equal to 5 grs. of Salt. 

" Ferri Xitratis. Solution of Nitrate of Iron. 
Dose 10-15 drops. 



158 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Liquor Ferri Perchloridi Fortior. A powerful styptic. 
" Subsulphatis. Monsel's Solution. Styptic. 
Gutta-perchse. Solution of Gutta-percha. (Sliced 
Gutta-percha §jss. Chloroform ^xvii. Dis- 
solve and add Carbonate of Lead gij. Settle 
and decant.) Artificial cuticle, etc. 
Hydrargyri Nitratis. Acid solution of Nitrate 
of Mercury. Caustic. 

Iodinii Compositus. Compound solution of 
Iodine. (Iodine 360 grs., Iod. Potass. §jss. 
Dist. Water Oj.) Dose 6 drops, diluted. 
Lithise Effervescens. Dose 5 to 10 f %. 
Magnesise Carbonatis. Dose 1-2 fg. 

" Citratis. Solution of Citrate of Mag- 

nesia. A pleasant cathartic. Dose 
gxii. 
Morphise Acetatis. Dose 15— 30rr^. 

" Hydrochloratis. Dose 15-30tt\,. 
" Sulphatis. (Sulph. Morph. 8 grs., 
Dist. Water Oss.) Dose fgj equal 
to -J gr. Magen die's Solution con- 
tains 16 grs. to f ^j. 
Plumbi Subacetatis. Sedative and astringent 

lotion. 
Plumbi Subacetatis dilutus. f giij of Solution 

of Subacetate of Lead, to Oj Water. 
Potassse. Antacid and An tilithic. Dosel0-30rr\,. 
" Arsenitis. Fowler's Solution. Aver- 
age dose 10 drops, 2 or 3 times a day. 
" Citratis. Citric Acid gss. Bi-Carb. 
Potassa 330 grs. Water Oss. 
Sodse Chlorinate. Labarraque's Disinfectant. 

Tinctures. 

Tinctures were formerly made by maceration for 2 
weeks, but are now best prepared by percolation. The 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 159 

Paris Society of Pharmacy direct percolation with Al- 
cohol of 60° for Belladonna, Conium, Hyoscyainus, 
Stramonium, Digitalis, Quassia, Pale Cinchona, Rhe- 
tany, and Senna ; with Alcohol of 80° for Valerian, Cin- 
namon, and Red and Yellow Cinchona. They adyise 
maceration with Alcohol of 60° for Aloes, Arnica, Cate- 
chu, Colchicum bulbs, Gentian, Ipecacuanha, Musk, 
Rhubarb, and Squill. With Alcohol of 80° for Castor, 
Calumbo, Colchicum seed, Cloves, Ginger, Jalap, Nux 
Vomica, Saffron, and Vanilla. With Alcohol of 90° for 
Assafoetida, Balsam of Peru, Balsam of Tolu, Benzoin, 
Ammoniae, Myrrh, and Scammony. 
Tinctura Aconiti Folii. Dose 20-30 drops. 
" " Radicis. Dose 5-10 drops. 

Dr. Fleming's Tincture is stronger than this. 
Aloes. Purgatiye §ss to §j ; Laxatiye 3J-^ij. 
" " et Myrrhge. Dose gj-gij. 

Arnica. A popular lotion. 
Assafcetidas. Dose f gss.-f ^j. 
Belladonnas. 15-30 drops. 
Benzoini Composite, f gss.-f gij. 
•' Calumbse. f^j-f^iy. 

Cannabis. 40 drops = 1 gr. of Extract. 
Cantharidis. 20 drops-f £j. 
* Capsici. fgj-f^ij- 
" Cardamomi. fgj-f^ij. 

u Compositaa. f&j-fgij. 

" Castorei. fgss.-fgij. 
" Catechu, f^ss.-f giij. 
" Cinchonas, f^j-f^iy. 

" Composite. f^j-fSiv. 

" Cinnamomi. f^j-fgiv. 
" Colchici. f^ss.-f^ij. 
" Conii. fgss.-f^j. 
" Cubebse. f^j-f^ij. 
" Digitalis. 10-20 drops. 



160 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. 10 drops-f 3J. 

" Gall*. f3j-f3iij : 

" Gentianse Composite, f 3J-fgij. 

" Guaiaci. fgj-f^iij. 

" " Ammoniata. f 3j— f ^ij. 

" Hellebori. f^ss.-fgj, 

" Humuli. fgj-fgiij. 

" Hyoscyami. f^ss-fgi. 

" Iodinii. 10-20 drops. 

" " Composita. 15-30 drops. 

" Jalapa. f^j-f^ij. 

" Kino. fSJ-f&j. 

" Kramerise. f^j-f^ij. 

" Lobelise. fgj-f^ij^ 

" Lupulinse. fgj-fgij. 

" Myrrhse. f.^ss-fgj. 

" Nucis Vomicae. 20tt\,. 

" Opii. 25 drops == 1 gr. 

" u Acetata. 20 drops = 1 gr. 

" " Ammoniata. SOl^-fgi. 

" " Camphorata. f^j-f^ij. Infant 5-20 

drops. 

" " Deodorata. 25 drops. 

" Quassise. f^j-fgij. 

" Ehei. fgj-f^ij. As a purgative, f^ss.-fgj. 

" " et' Aloes. Ditto. 

" " et Gentianse. Ditto. 

" " et Sennas, fgss.-fgj 

" Sanguinarise. 30-60 drops. 

" Scillse. 20-40 drops. <t 

" Serpentarise. fgj-fgij. 

" Stramonii. 20-40 drops. 

" Tolutana. f^j-f^ij; 

" Valeriana?, fgj-fgiy. 

" " Ammoniata. f^ss.-fgj. 

" Veratri Viridis. 3-8 drops. 







PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 161 

Tinctura Zingiber. 8-20n\,. 

Fortior. 5-20tt\,. 

Medicated Wines. 

White or Sherry Wines used in making them. 

Vinum Aloes gj+Cardamom. f to f gj Smimtiy^ 
Ginger aa a , j ^.^ 

rf-i ? 2 ai Tl^H f 3y- Carminative, 
Diluted Alcohol fgij, | a ^ rient 

" Colchici Bad. g vj to Oj. Dose gtt. 10 to fgj. 

Diuretic, nervous sedative. 
" Colchici Sem. ^ij to Oj. Dose f gss. to f^ij. 

Diuretic and nervous sedative. 
" Ergotse gij to Oj. Dose fgj. Excito-motor 

stimulant. Dose gj to ^iij. 
Ipecacuanhas §j to Oj. Dose f gj to f^ss. Ex- 
pectorant, 10-30n\,. 
" Tabaci §j to Oj. Dose gtt, 20. Diuretic. 
" Antimonii, 2 grains Tartar Emetic to f §j. 

Dose f^j to f Jss. Expectorant, emetic. 
" Opii §ij*f-Cinnamon. Cloves aa 60 grs. to Oj. 

Dose same as Tincture. 2 or 3 drops as Col- 

lyrium. 

Vinegars. 

With 1 part Acetic Acid to 7 of ivater. 

Acetum Colchici §j to Oj, Alcohol f gss. Dose gtt. rr^30 
to f^ij. Diuretic, sedative. 
" Scillse gij to Oj. Dose gtt. 30 to f ^j. Diuretic, 
sedative. 
Opii 3ijss. to Oj. Dose gtt. 5 to 10. See p. 162. 
11 



162 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 
Preparations of Opium. 



f Opium gss., 
Tinct. Opii Cam- Camphor Qj, 



to Oj Diluted 



phorataJ Benzoic Acid araa., j- ^ ^i!-° f 

(Paregoric) | Oil Anise f gss., r| s ® 1 & to 

[Honey gj, J 3 8S ' 

" Opii (Laudanum) Opium £x. to Oj. Dose gtt. 25. 

f Opium gj, ] 

" Opii Acetata^ Alcohol f ,5 iv, V Dose gtt. 20. 
( Vinegar fjfyj. J 

VinumOpii(Syden-f^ pium 3 i .h |to Sherry Oj. 
■u t t j \ "{ Cinnamon, r -r, i n x 

hamsLaud ;)l Cloves aa' 5 j ? J Dose gtt. 20. 

Acetum Opii J J^tf^\ 1 to Oii. Dose gtt. 5 

(Black drop) i £ utme g .% * f to 10. 
^ y [Sugar gviii. J 

Liquor Morphia Sulphatis, J grain Morphia to f 3J. 

Dose f 3J A (Magendie's Solution, used in New York 

and Boston, has 16 grains to fjj.) 



Decoctions. 

Decoctum Chimaphilae gj to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose 

Oj per diem. Alterative. 
Uvse Ursi §j to f^xx; boil to Oj. Dose 

f gij. Astringent, diuretic. 
Dulcamarse Jj to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose 

f gij. Alterative, narcotic. 
Hsematoxyli gj to Oij ; boil to Oj. Dose 

fgj. Astringent. 
Quercus Alb. gj to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose 

fgij. Astringent. 
Cinch, flav. gj to Oj ; boil ten minutes. 

Dose f gij. Tonic. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 



163 



Decoetum Cinch, rub. gj to Oj ; boil ten minutes. 
Dose f §ij. Tonic. 

Cornus Florida? 5J to Oj ; boil ten minutes. 
Dose fgij. Tonic. 

Senega J;j to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose f^ij. 
Stimulant, expectorant. 

Hordei §ij to Oivss. ; boil to Oij. Ad lib- 
itum. Demulcent. 

CetrariaB §ss. to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose Oj 
per diem. Tonic, demulcent. 

Taraxaci ^ij to Oij ; boil ten minutes. Dose 
f^ij. Diuretic. 

Sarsap. Comp. : 



Sarsap. gvj, 
Sassafras, 
Guaiac, 
Liquorice a a g 
Mezereon giij, 



to Oiv ; boil fifteen 
minutes. Dose f^iv. 
Alterative, diapho- 
retic. 



Mixtures. 

Mistura Ammoniaci. 240 grs. Ammoniac, Oj Water. 
Dose 1-2 teaspoon fuls. 
Amygdalae. Almond mixture. Sweet Al- 
mond 5 ss., Gum Arabic 30 grs., Sugar 120 
grs., Water §viii. Demulcent. 

" Assafcetidse. Assafcetida 120 grs., Water Oss. 
f §ij-f^iv as enema. 
Chloroformi. Chloroform §ss. (by weight), 
Camphor 60 grs., Water f gvi. Suspend by 
yolk of egg. Dose 1-2 tablespoonfuls. 

" Creasoti. Creasote. Glacial Acetic Acid aa 
16^, Spts. Juniper fgss., Syrup fgj, Water 
f ^xv. Dose f 3J. 

" Cretse. Chalk mixture. Prepared chalk §ss., 
Sugar, Gum Arabic aa 120 grs., Cinnamon 
water, Water aa f^iv. Dose 1 tablespoonful. 






164 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Mistura Ferri Composita. Myrrh, Sugar aa 60 grains, 
Carb. Pot. 25 grs., Sulphate of Iron 20 grs., 
Spts. Lavender f gss., Kose Water f ^viiss. 
Dosef|j-fgij. 
Glycyrrhizse Composita. Brown Mixture. Li- 
quorice extract, Sugar, Gum Arabic aa ^ss., 
Tinct. Opii Camph., f^ij, Vinum An- 
timonii fjjj, Spts. Eth. Nit. f^ss., Water 
f ^xii. Dose for adult 1 tablespoonful. 
" Potassae Citratis. Neutral Mixture. Fresh 
lemon-juice Oss., Bicarb. Pot. q. s. Dose 1 
tablespoonful. 

Extracts. 

1st Class. — Narcotic inspissated juices. 

Extractum Aconiti. Dose J to 1 gr. 

" Belladonnse. Dose ^ to 1 gr. 

" Stramonii fol. Dose 1 to 2 grs. 

" Conii. Dose 2 to 3 grs. 

" Hyoscyami. Dose 2 to 3 grs. 

2d Class. — Hydro-alcoholic and alcoholic extracts. 

Extract. Aconiti Alcoholicum. J gr. to 1 gr. Narcotic. 

" Arnicse Ale. 5-10 grs. 

" Belladonnse Alcoholicum. \ gr. to i gr. Nar- 
cotic. 

" Cannabis Purificatum. J to 1 gr. Powerful 
narcotic. 

" Stramonii Alcoholicum. J to 1 gr. Narcotic. 

" Digitalis Ale. J gr. Sedative, diuretic. 

" Conii Ale. 1 to 2 grs. Narcotic. 

" Hellebori Ale. 5-10 grs. Drastic, cathartic. 

" Hyoscyami Ale. 1 to 2 grs. Narcotic. 







PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 165 

Extract. Nucis Vomicae Ale. J gr. to 1 gr. Nerve 
stimulant. 
" Ignatise Ale. J-l gr. Excito-motor tonic. 
" Jalapse. 10-15 grs. Cathartic. 
" Khei. 10-15 grs. Cathartic. 
" Podophylli. 5-10 grs. Cathartic. 

Dulcamara Ale. 3-6 grs. Alterative, nar- 
cotic. 
Cinehonse. 10-15 grs. Tonic, alterative. 
Sarsaparilla. 10-15 grs. Tonic, alterative. 
Colocynthidis Comp. 5-30 grs. Cathartic, 

3d Class. — By displacement with cold water and 
evaporation. 

Extract. Gentianse. 10-20 grs. Tonic. 
Quassise. 3-6 grs. Tonic. 
Kramerise. 10-20 grs. Astringent. 
Juglandis. 10-20 grs. Cathartic. 
Opii. Dose 1 gr. Narcotic. 

Ath Class. 

Extract. Hsematoxyli. 10-20 grs. Astringent. (De- 
coction evaporated.) 

Taraxaci. Qj to gj. Diuretic. (Evaporated 
juice.) 

Colchici Aceticum. 1-3 grs. Diuretic. 
(Medicated vinegar evaporated.) 

Glycyrrhizae. Liquorice. Demulcent. 

Concentrated or Resinoid Extracts. 

Resinae Jalapae. 2-5 grs. Cathartic. 

" Podophylli. J-l gr. Cathartic. 

" Scammonii. 4-8 grs. Cathartic. 
Cimicifugin. 1-6 grs. 
Stillingin. 2-4 grs. 



166 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Leptandrin. 2-4 grs. 
Hydrastin. 1-2 grs. 

Fluid Extracts. 
1. Syrups. 

Extract. Spigelige Fluidum. f 3j. Cathartic. 

" Ehei Fluidum. 20tt\,. Cathartic. 

" SennseFl. f.£j. 

" Sarsaparillse Fl. 30-60n\,. Diaphoretic, etc. 

" Sarsaparillse Comp. Fl. 30tt\,-f gj. 

" Cinchonse Fl. f 3J. 

" Uvse Ursi Fl. 30n\,-f gj. 

" Dulcamarse Fl. f £ss. 

" Pruni Virginianse Fl. fgj-fgij. 

2. Alcoholic. 

Extract. Valerianae Fluidum. f 3j. Antispasmodic. 

" Serpentarise Fl. 20-30^. 

" Buchu Fl. 20-30n\,. 

" ConiiFl. 4-5n\,. 

" Ergotse Fl. 10-20tt\,. 

" Ipecacuanha Fl. 15-30tt\,. 

" Hvoscyami Fl. 5-lOr^. 

" Taraxaci Fl. f^j. 

" Gentianae Fl. 10-40n\,. 

" Zingiberis Fl. 10-20tr\,. 

" Lupulinse Fl. 10-15tt\,. 

" Opii liquidum. 10T1\,. 

" Veratri Viridis Fl. 2-4TT\,. 

Syrups. 

Syrups are: 1. Infusions or decoctions made perma- 
nent by sugar. 



PHARMACEUTICAL, PREPARATIONS. 167 



2. Sugar added to alcoholic extract. , 

3. Sugar added to acetic extract. 

4. Additions to simple syrup. 

Syrupus. Simple Syrup. 18 oz. Sugar to Oj. ^vi. 

Acaciae. Syrup of Gum Arabic. Demulcent. 
Acidi Citrici. Refrigerant. 
Allii. Nerve stimulant, Dose gj. 
Amygdalae. Sedative, demulcent. 
Aurantii Corticis. Flavoring. 

" Florum. Flavoring. Dose ^j. 

Ferri Iodidi. Dose 20-40n\, diluted. 
Ipecacuanhae. Emetic. SOvc^ to ^j for a child, 
^iv to gj to adult. Expectorant 2rr\,-10rr\, 
for a child, ^ss-^j for adult. 
" Krameriaa. gss. for adult. 20-30n\, for a 

child. 
" Lactucarii. Dose gij-giij. 
" Limonis. Flavoring. 

Papaveris. Syrup of Poppies, gss. to £j for 

an infant. 
Pruni Virginianae. Dose f gss. 
Rhei. Mild cathartic for children. Dose 5J. 
" Aromaticus. Same as last. Dose gj. 
" Rosae Gallicae. Dose £j. 

Rubi. Syrup of Blackberry Root. Dosegj-^ij. 
Sarsaparillae Compositus. Dose §ss. 
" Scilla. Expectorant. ^j. 

Compositus. Hive Syrup. Dose for 
children 10 drops-gj. 
" Senegae. Dose gj to ^ij. 
" Tolutanus. Flavoring. 

Zingiberis. Dose ^j or more. 

Troches. 

Trochisci Acidi Tannici. J gr. each. 
" Bismuthi. 2 grs. each. 



168 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 



Trochisci Catechu. 1 gr. each. 

" Cretae. Antacid, astringent. 

'* Cubebae. 1 drop oleoresin of cubeb each. 

Ferri Subcarbonatis. Each about 5 grs. 

Glycyrrhizas et Opii. ^ gr. opium each. 

Ipecacuanhae. J- gr. each. 
" Magnesia. Antacid. 

Menthse Piperitae. Carminative. 

Potassae Chloratis. 5 grs. each. 

Sodae Bicarbonatis. 5 grs. each. 

Zingiberis. Each l-2w\, of tincture. 

Confections. 

Confectio Bosae. Powd. Eose 2 pts., Sugar 15 pts., 
Honey 3 pts., Eose-water 4 pts. 
Aromaticae. Arom. Powd., Honey equal 
parts. 
" Opii (1 gr. in 36). Opium Powd. 270 grs., 

Arom. Powd. ^vi, Honey §xiv. 
" Sennas. P. Senna and Coriander, with Figs, 
Prunes, Cassia, etc. 

Jellies. 

Convenient method of giving Cod-liver oil, Castor 
oil, Balsams, etc. Made of honey, syrup, gum Arabic, 
isinglass. The latter in solution added to an emulsion 
of the others. 

Spirits, or Essences. 

Spiritus Chloroformi. One Troyounce Chloroform, 
Diluted Alcohol, f §xii. Dose gss. to £j. 
" Cinnamomi. Dose 10-20 drops. 
" Juniperi Compositus. Dose gij-giv. 
" Lavandulae. Dose 30n^ to f£j. 




PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 169 

Spiritus Lavandulae Compositus. Dose 30 drops to ^j. 

" Limonis. Flavoring. 

" Menthse Piperita. Dose 20-30 drops. 

" " Viridis. Dose 30-40 drops. 

" Myristicse. Dose ^j-^ij. 

" Myrcise. Bay-rum. Perfume. 

" JEtheris Compositus. Hoffman's Anodyne. 
Stimulating antispasmodic. Dose ^ss-^j. 

" jEtheris Xitrosi. Sweet Spirit of Xitre. Dia- 
phoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic. Dose 
3SS.-3J. 

" Ammonise. Stimulant, antispasmodic. Dose 
10-30 drops. 

" Amraoniae Aromaticus. Same as last. Dose 

" Anisi. Carminative. Dose ^j-gij. 
" Carnphorae. Dose 5 drops to gj. Anodyne lo- 
tion. 

Powders. 

Medicines adapted to the form of powders are insol- 
uble mineral substances, vegetable products, and some 
soluble substances. 

Insoluble — too large doses for pills. — Carbo-ligni, Mag- 
nesia, Calcis Phosph., Pot, Bitart,, Sulphur Sub., 
Creta Ppt, Ferri Subcarb., Calomel, etc. Vegetable 
powders, as Powd. Cinchona, Colomba, Gentian, 
Rhubarb, Jalap, Cubebs, etc. 
In certain combinations, and when pills are objected to. — 
Powd. pil. Hydrarg., Ext. Colocy., Opium, Digitalis, 
Nux Vom., Kino, Tannic Acid, Gallic Acid, Potas. 
Nit., Opium Alkaloids, Cinchona Alkaloids, Sub- 
nit, Bismuth, etc. 
Diluents for Powders. — Sugar, Lactin, Powd. Acacia, 
Cinnamon, Arom. Powd., Ext. Liquorice, Gum Trag- 
acanth, Elm Bark, etc. 



170 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Pulveres Effervescentes. Effervescing powders. 25 grs. 
Tartaric Acid in one paper, and 30 Bicarb. 
Soda in another. Mix in Oss. of water, with 
ginger, syrup, etc. 
Effervescentes Aperientes. Seidlitz powders. 
35 grs. Tartaric Acid in one paper and 40 
grs. Bicarb. Soda with gij Roehelle salt in 
the other. Used as the above, in Oj water. 
Pulvis Aloes cum Canella. Hicra Picra. Aloes §xii, 
Canella §iij. Dose 10-20 grs. 
" Aromaticus (Comp. Powder of Cinnamon). Cin- 
namon. Ginger, aa gij., Cardamom, Nutmeg, 
aa gj. Dose 10-30 grs. 
" Ipecacuanha? Composite. Dover's Powder. 
Ipecac, Opium, aa 60 grs., Sulph. Potas., §j. 
Dose 5-15 grs. 
" Jalapse Compositus. Jalap ^j, Bitart. Potass. 

gii. Dose 30 grs. to ^j. 
" Rhei Compositus. Rhubarb §iv, Magnesia 
gxii, Ginger gij. Dose ^ss.-gj, a child 2 
years old 5-10 grs. 

Pills. 

Medicines adapted to the pilular form are, powders 

in less than 15 grain doses, gum-resins, extracts, and 

oleoresins and oils in small proportions. 

Unadhesive materials. — Calomel, Dover's Powder, Sub- 
nit. Bismuth, Morphia Acetas, etc., Strychnia, Pulv. 
Digitalis, Pulv. Ipecac, Plumbi Acetas, Ant. et Pot. 
Tartrate, Ant. Sulph., Argenti Mtras, Argenti Oxi- 
dum, Ferri Pulvis., Ferri Subcarbonas, etc., Potas. 
Iodid., Camphor, etc. 

Medicinal excipients. — Extracts, Pil. Hydrarg., Pil. 
Copaiba?, Pil. Ferri Carb., Terebinthina. 
With moisture. — Powd. Aloes, Rheum, Kino, Tan- 
nin, Opium, Scilla, Ferri Citras, Assafoetida, etc 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 171 

With alcohol. — Guaiacum, etc. 

With dilute S0 3 . — Quiniae Sulph., Cinchoniae Sulph., 
Quinidiae Sulph., Quinoidine. 
Inert excipients. — Powd. Acacia, Tragacanth, Soap, 
Bread Crumbs, Confections, Syrup of Gum, Honey, 
Molasses, Syrups. 
Pilulae Aloes. Socotrine Aloes, Soap, equal parts. 
Dose 5 pills as a purge. 

" Aloes et Assafoetidae. Aloes, Assafoetida, Soap, 
eq. pts. Dose 2-5 pills. 

" Aloes et Ferri. Sulphate of Iron 3Jss., Aloes 
Jij, Comp. Cinnamon powder §iij, Confection 
of Roses t ^iv. Dose 5-10 grs. 

" Aloes et Mastiohes. Aloes §jss., Mastic, Ked 
Rose aa gss. Make 400 pills. Dose one after 
each meal as laxative. 

" Aloes et Myrrhae. Aloes §ij, Myrrh ,§j, Aro- 
matic powder ^ss., Syrup q. s. = 480 pills. 
Dose 10-20 grains. 

" Antimonii Composite. Compound Calomel 
pill. Plummer's pill. Sulphuretted Anti- 
mony, Mild Chloride of Mercury, aa 120 grs. 
Guaiac, Molasses, aa ^ss. = 240 pills. Dose 
1-2 pills. 

" Assafoetida?. Assafoetida gjss. Soap §ss. = 240 
pills. Dose 1-3. 

" Carnbogiae Composite. Gamboge, Aloes, Com- 
pound powder of Cinnamon aa gj, Soap gij, 
Syrup q. s. Dose 5-15 grs. 

" Catharticae Compositae. Compound Extract of 
Colocynth gss., Ext. Jalap, Calomel, aa 180 
grs., Gamboge 40 grs. = 180 pills. Dose 3. 

" Copaibae. Copaiba §ij, Magnesia 60 grs. = 200 
pills. Dose 2-6. 

" Ferri Carbon atis — Vallet's pills. — Sulphate of 
Iron §viii, Carb. Soda gix, Honey giij, Sugar 



172 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

%ij. Boiling Water Oij, Syrup q. s. Reduced to 
Jviii. Dose 10-30 grs. a day. 
Pilulse Ferri Composite. Myrrh 120 grs., Carb. Soda, 
Sulph. Iron, aa 60 grs, Syrup q. s. = 80 pills. 
Dose 2-6, 3 times a day. 

« Ferri Iodidi. Iodine §ss., Iron 120 grs., Sugar 
§j, Marshmallow § ss -> Gum Arabic, reduced 
Iron, aa 60 grs., Water f £x. = 300 pills — 1 
gr. Iodide Iron and \ gr. of reduced Iron in 
each pill. 

" Galbani Composite. Galbanum, Myrrh aa 360 
grs., Assafoetida 120 grs., Syrup q. s. = 240 pills. 
Dose 5-20 grs. 

" Hydrargyri — Blue pill. Mercury ^j, Rose Con- 
fection §jss., Liquorice powder §ss. = 480 
pills. Dose 5-15 grs. as cathartic, 1 two or 
three times a day as alterative. 

" Opii. Opium 60 grs., Soap 12 grs. = 60 pills. 
Dose 1 pill. 

" Quinise Sulphatis. Sulph. Quinia t ^j, Gum Arabic 
120 grs., Honey q. s. = 480 pills. Dose 1 gr. 
of Sulph Quin. to each pill. 

" Ehei. Rhubarb 360 grs., Soap 120 grs. = 120 
pills. Dose 3 grs. to a pill. 

" Composite. Rhubarb gj, Aloes 360 grs., 

Myrrh §ss., Oil Peppermint f gss. = 
240 pills. Dose 2-4. 

" Saponis Composite. Opium 60 grs., Soap ^ss. 
Dose 1 gr. Opium in 5 grs. 

" Scilloe Composite. Squill 60 grs., Ginger, Am- 
moniac, aa 120 grs., Soap 180 grs., Syrup q. s. 
= 120 pills. Dose 5-10 grs. 

Liquids. 

Suitable medicines are most soluble salts, light insolu- 
ble powders, extracts, gum-resins, oils, etc. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 173 

Forming eligible solutions with letter. — Alunien, Ammon. 
Murias., Ant. et Pot. Tart., Barrii Chloridum, Calcii 
Chloridum, Ferri Sulph., Ferri et Pot. Tart., Man- 
ganesii Sulph., Magnesiae Sulphas, Potassaa Acetas, 
Pot. Bicarb., Pot. Garb., Pot. Citras, Pot. Chloras, Pot. 
Tartras., Potassii Bromid., Pot. Ioclid., Morphia Ace- 
tas, Morphia Sulphas, Morphia Murias, Soda? Bicarb., 
Sod. Boras, Sod. Carbonas, Sod. Sulph., Sod et Pot. 
Tart., Sod. Chlorid., Sod. Phosph., Acid Citric, Acid 
Tartaric, Acid Tannic. 

Mixing, but not forming clear solutions in water diffused by 
agitation. — Magnesia, Potas. Bitart., Sulph. Praecip., 
Pulv. Cinchona?, Pulv. Ipecac, Quiniae Sulph. 

Miscible by trituration alone. — Ext. Aeoniti, Ext. Bellad., 
Ext. Conii, Ext. Hyoscyami, Ext. Stramon., Ext. 
Taraxaci, Ext. Kramer., Ext. Giycyrrh., Confections, 
Assafeetida, Ammoniac, Guaiacuni, Myrrha, Scam- 
mony. 

Suspended by viscid excipients. — Copaiba, 01. Amygdalae, 
01. Eicini, 01. Terebinth, Olea Essentia, Ferri Proto- 
carb. 

Requiring additions to form solutions. — Quin. Sulph., 
Cinchon. Sulph., Quinid. Sulph., Chinoidine, Iodine, 
Hydrarg. Iodid. Rub. 

Requiring viscid substances. — Ammon. Carb., Hyd. 
Chlorid. Corros., Pot. Cyanuret, Potassa. 

Vehicles or correctives (especially of salines). — Aq. Med- 
icate, Syrups, Tinct. Cinnamomi, Tinct. Cinnam. 
Comp., Tinct. Cardam. 

Tinct. Card. Com., Infus. Rosa Comp., Saccharum, 
Olea destillata, Tinct. Tolutana, Tinct. Zingiberis. 

Glycerates. 

Glyceritum Acid Carbolici. Glycerate of Carbolic Acid. 
Glycerine 4 parts, Carbolic Acid 1 part 
— 4irr\, represent 1 gr. of Acid. Dose 
5-10 rr\,. 



174 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Glyceritum Acidi Gallici. Glycerate of Gallic Acid. 
Glycerine 4 pts., Gallic Acid 1 pt. Dose 
20-60nv 
Acidi Tannici. Glycerate of Tannic Acid. 
Glycerine 4 pts., Tannin 1 pt. Dose 10- 
40nx. 
" Boracis. Glycerate of Borax. Glycerine 

4 pts., Borax 1 part. Convenient appli- 
cation to aphthae. 

Liniments. 

Linimentum Aconiti. gxvi to Oj Beet. Sp.+gj Cam- 
phor. 
Ammoniae. Aq. Amm. gj, Olive Oil gij. 
Belladonna?. See Lin. Aeon. 
Camphorae. Camph. gijj, Olive Oil giv. 
Comp. Camph. gijss., 01. 
Lavend. gj, Aq. Ammon. 
gv, Rect. Spirit gxv. 
" Cantharidis. Canth. gj, 01. Terebinth. Oss. 

" Chloroformi. Chloroform giij, Olive Oil 

giv. 
" Crotonis. Croton Oil gj, 01. Cajeput. 

Rect. Spt. aa giijss. 
" Hydrargyri. Ung. Hyd. gj, Aq. Am., Lin. 

Camph. aa gj. 
" Iodi. Iodine gx, Iod. Pot. gss., Camph. 

gij, Rect. Sp.gx. . - 
. " Opii. Tr. Opii, Lin. Sap. aa gij. 

" Potassii Iodidi cum Sapone. Soap, Iod. 

Pot. aa gjss., Glycerine gj, 01. Limonis 
gj, Water gx. 
Saponis. Soap giv, Camph. gij, 01. 
Rosmar. gss., Water giv, Alcohol Oij. 
" Sinapis Comp. 01. Mustard gj, Ext. 

Mezereon 40 grs., Camphor 120 grs., 
Castor Oil gv, Rect. Sp. giv. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 175 



Linimentum Terebinthinae. Resin cerate §xii, 01. 

Tereb. Oss. 
<l " Aceticum. 01. Tereb., 

Acetic Acid, Lin. 
Camp, aa gj. 

Cerates and Ointments. 

1st Class. — Much used as Vehicles. 

Ceratum Adipis or Simplex. 1 pt. White Wax, 2 Lard. 
Firmest healing dressing. 
" Cetacei. 1 Get., 3 White Wax, 6 Olive Oil. 
Firm healing dressing. 
Unguentum Simplex. 1 White Wax, 4 Lard. Softer 

healing dressing. 
Ung. Aquae j Almond Oil, Spermaceti, 1 Softest heal- 
Rosae. \ White Wax, Rose Water. J ing dressing. 
Ceratum f 5 Resin, 8 Lard, \ Stimulant healing dress- 
Resinae. \ 2 Yellow Wax. J ing. (Basilicon.) 

2d Class. — Mechanical mixture of medicinal substance with 
unctuous ingredient. 

Group 1. — By fusion. 

Cerat. f Resin, Suet, Yellow Wax, \ Stimu- 

Resinae Comp. \ Turpentine, Flaxseed Oil. J lating. 

Ung. Picis Liq. Tar and Suet, equal parts. Stimulant, 

antiseptic. 

Cerat. J Canth. 12 pts., Lard 10. \ Epi spastic, 

Can tharidis. \ Yel. Wax, Resin aa 7 pts. jblist. cerat. 

Group 2. — By trituration. 

Cerat. Sabinae. 1 pt. Savin, 6 Resin Cerate. Stimulant 

dressing. 
Ung. Gallae. 1 pt. Galls, 7 Lard. Astringent. 
Ung. Veratri alb. 1 pt. Root, 4 Lard and Oil Lemon. 

In itch. 



176 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Cerat. f §iij Calamine, §xij Lard, \ Mild ast. and 
Calaminse. \ giij Wax. J desiccant. 

Cerat. (1 pt. ZnO.COo, 1 n/r-u a • 

Zinci Carb. { 5 Simple Ointment. } Mlld asto *g ent - 
Ung. Zinci f 1 pt. ZnO, \ m]d . 

Oxidi. t 6 Lard. / ^ Ucl astnn g ent - 
Ung. Cupri f 1 pt. 2CuO,Ac,6HO, . \ Mild 

Subacet. \ 15 pts. Simple Ointment. J escharotic. 
Ung. ript.K0 5 Sb0 3j T,l v . 
Antimonii. \ 4 pts. Lard. / V esicant - 

Ung. Hydrargyri. Equal parts Hg and Lard. Alter- 
ative. 
Ung. Hydrargyri / 1 pt. Hg 2 Cl,NH 2 , \ Desiccant, 

Ammon. \ 12 Simple Ointment, f alterative. 

Ung. Hydrargyri f Hgl, 16 grs. to ^j, ^Stimulant, 
Iodidi Rub. \ Simple Ointment, j alterative. 
Ung. f Bj I, 4 grs. KI, ) D . . alterative 
Iodinii. \ Lard §j. | LUscutient, alteram e. 

Ung. Iodini f 1 pt. I, 2 pts. KI, \ m fi t a i terat ; ve 
Comp. I 32 Lard. j Dlscutient > alterative. 

Ung. Potassii f 1 pt. KI+1 pt. Aq., ) Discutient, alter- 
Iodid. 1 8 Lard. j ative. 

Ung.Plumbifl Pt.PbO,C0 2 ,l A h desiccant 

Carb. j 6 Ung. Simp. / Astrin g ent > desiccant. 

Ung. Sulphuris. 1 pt. S, 2 pts. Lard. In Itch. 

f Sulph. gj, Ammon. Merc. 5j, 
Ung. Sulphuris j Benz. Acid gj, 01. Berg, f^j, In 
Comp. ' Sulph. Acid fgj, Mt. Potas. r Itch. 

I "Sij, Lardgvj. 
Ung. Belladonnas 1 pt. Ext., 8 Lard. Anodyne.* 
Ung. Stramonii. 1 pt. Ext., 8 Lard. Anodyne. 
Ung. Creasoti. Creasote f^ss., Lard 5J. Antiseptic, 

stimulant. 
Ung. Benzoini. Tr. Benz. gj to giv Lard. Soothing. 
Ung. Cadmii Iodidi. 62 grs. to §j. Alterative. 
Ung. Plumbi Iod. 62 grs. to £j. Alterative. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 



177 



3d Glass. — By digesting the ingredient in Lard. 

Ung. Tabaci. 3J Leaves to lb.j Lard. Narcotic. 

Ung. Mezerei. giv Bark to gxiv Lard, §ij Wax. 
Stimulant. 

Ung. Cantharidis (with boiling water), §ij to ^viij. 
Eesin Cerate. Stimulant. 

Ung. Picis Liquidse. Equal parts Tar and Suet. Stim- 
ulant. 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi. 80 grs. to §j Ung. Benz. Mild 
Astringent. 

4th Class. — The unctuous ingredient is decomposed. 

Ung. Hydrarg. Nit. (Citrine Ointment.) Powerful 

stimulant and alterative. 
Cerat. Saponis. Soothing dressing. 
Cerate Plumbi S. Acet. (Goulard's Cerate.) Cooling. 

Plasters. . 

-rp -, , ("Ammoniac §v, Dil. Acetic) 

Lmplastrum 1 A - d 0gg D issolve strain I Stimulant. 
Ammoniaci. j and evaporate. \ J 

"Ammoniac §xii, Mer- 
cury §iii. ■ Stimulant, 
Olive Oil 60 grs., Sub- ' alterative, 
limed Sulphur 8 grs. ^ 
Antimonii. Tartar Emetic §j, Burgundy Pitch 
giv. Pustulating. 
Emp. Arnicse. Alcoholic Ext. Arnica §jss. Kesin 
Plaster giij. Stimulant. 

'Assafoet, Lead Plaster, aa] 
gxii, Galbanum, Yellow 
Emp. . Wax, aa §vi, Alcohol Oiij. 
Assafoetidae. ' Dissolve the gums in Alcohol, 
evaporate till/like honey, melt 
all together, stir, evaporate. 
12 



Emp. Ammoniaci 
cum Hydrargyro. 



Emp. 



Stimulant. 
- Antispas- 
modic. 



178 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Emp. Belladonnas Alcoholic Ext. Bellad. §j, Kesin 

Plaster §ij. Anodyne. 
Emp. f Sub | Garb Iron giij, Lead| ug fa . 

Ferri.j gg^™*' Bur § und yj plaster." § 

Emp. Gal- J Ga l ban «™. SttTvpaiihn fJOstimu- 
baniComp. j f ur S' ? ltch 3"J> Lead Plaster \ lant 

^ (. gXXXVl. J 

Emp [Mercury §vi, Olive Oil, 1 
Hydrargyri. | Ees ^.^ 3& Lead Plas- |- Alterative. 

Emp. Opii. Ext. Opium §j, Burg. Pitch §ijj, Lead 
Plaster §xii. Anodyne. 

Emp. Picis Burgundies. Burg. Pitch §72, Yellow 
Wax §6. Rubefacient. 

Emp. Picis cum Cantharidse. Burg. Pitch §48, Canth. 
cerate §4. Rubefacient. 

Emp. Plumbi. Litharge §30, Olive Oil §56. "Lead 
Plaster/' "Diachylon." 

Emp. Plumbi Iodidi. Iod. Lead §j, Soap Plaster, 
Resin Plaster, aa §iv. Alterative. 

Emp. Resinge. Resin §vi, Lead Plaster §36. Stimu- 
lant. 
E fHardSoap§10, Yellow Wax g 12 J,) „« 

s2 s i Olive Oil Oj, Oxide of Lead §15, p^,, 
baponis. j y in x h Melt evaporate . J master. 



Suppositories. 

Suppositoria Acidi Tannici. 3 grs. to each. 
" Hydrargyri. 5 grs. to each. 

" Morphise. J gr. to each. 

" Plumbi Composite. 3 grs. Acetate Lead 

and 1 gr. Opium to each.r 



VIII. 
TABLE OF SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 



A. TOPOGRAPHICAL. 
1. — General Aspect of Patient. 

I. Attitude. 

Unusual languor — invasion of acute disease — course 

of chronic ones. 
Unnatural boldness — insanity — delirium. 
General immobility — catalepsy. 
Irregular and perpetual movement — chorea. 
Distorted features, altered position, and impaired motion 

of limbs — hemiplegia. 
Tonic spasm of trunk — tetanus. 

II. Decubitus. 

Constantly dorsal — cerebral apoplexy, organic disease 
of brain and spinal marrow, acute peritonitis, general 
articular rheumatism. 

Prone — generally in gastric, intestinal, hepatic, and 
renal colic. 

Lateral — some stages of pleurisy or pneumonia (not 

179 



180 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

general) ; in consumption, when one lung is affected, 

the diseased side is usually lain on. 
Sitting — diseases of heart and lungs, which interfere 

with respiration. 
Head thrown back — laryngeal and tracheal disease. 
Bestlessness, jactitation, etc. — the invasion of acute 

inflammation, idiopathic fevers, many affections of 

children, delirium and acute mania. 

III. Volume of Body. 

General enlargement — anasarca, or emphysema from 
a wound of the chest. 



2. Signs furnished by Head, Face, and Neck. 

Head bent to one side — convulsions, hemiplegia, tor- 
ticollis, dislocation of cervical vertebra, cervical 
glandular swellings, cicatrices of neck, after burns. 

Head bent forward — vertebral malformation. 

Head bent back — diseases with dyspnoea, as croup, 
laryngismus stridulus, suffocative catarrh, etc. Te- 
tanus, spinal meningitis of neck. 

Cranium increased in size — chronic hydrocephalus — 
hypertrophied brain. 

(Edematous scalp — erysipelas, small-pox. 

Facies stupida (dull expression) — .typhoid fever. 

Facies vultuosa (full, red face, injected eyes) — cardiac 
hypertrophy, cerebral congestion. 

Pinched countenance (opposite of last) — acute perito- 
nitis, in health, from exposure to severe cold. 

Facies hippocratica — in chronic diseases just before 
death, in unusually prolonged acute disease. 

3. Physiognomical Rugae. 

Kugse transversa (in forehead) — excessive pain rising 
externally. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 181 

R. oculo-frontales (from forehead vertically to root of 
nose) — distress, anxiety, anguish, and severe internal 
pain. In acute diseases, an imperfect or false crisis, 
impending efflorescence, and often fatal termination. 
Linea oculo-zygomatica (from inner angle of the eye 
below the cheek-bone) — in children a cerebral or 
nervous affection ; in adults, disorder or abuse of the 
generative organs. 

Linea nasalis (from upper border of ala nasi, curved 
to outer margin of the orbicularis oris) — strongly 
marked in phthisis and atrophy, inferior part indi- 
cates gastric disease, upper part affection of the 
upper part of intestine. Conjointly with retraction 
of the cheek, and with the L. oculo-zygomatica, the 

r eyes being fixed and complexion wan, an indication 
of worms. 

L. labialis (from angle of mouth to lower part of face) 
— in children, a thoracic affection with dyspnoea. 

L. collaterals nasi (in a semicircular direction toward 
the chin, external to last two) — chronic and obsti- 
nate disease of thoracic or abdominal viscera. 

(Edema of face and eyelids — albuminuria, sometimes 
in anaemia. 

Transient redness or flushing of face — women suffer- 
ing from menstrual irregularity, and at the critical 
period. 

Hectic flush — phthisis, wasting, chronic affections. 

Paleness of face — cold stage of fever, and acute in- 
flammation, chronic diseases, especially Bright's 
disease, in convalescence. 

Dingy white or greenish face — anaemia. 

Yellow tint — jaundice. 

Yellow at labial commissures and alse nasi — slight 
hepatic derangement. 

Citron tint — in cancerous affections. 

Bluish hue — impeded venous circulation, as in as- 
phyxia, Asiatic cholera, typhus fever, cyanosis. 



182 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Slate color — from the use of Nit. Silver. 

Perpetual motion of eyelids — some cases of mania and 
idiocy. 

Forcible closure of eyelids — photophobia. 

Eyelids open — injury of portio-dura from paralysis of 
the orbicularis. 

Paralysis of upper lip — lesion of third pair of nerves. 

Epiphora (flowing of tears over the cheek) — obstruc- 
tion of lachrymal duct, in initial stage of ophthal- 
mia, and in some neuralgic affections of the eye, 
presence of a foreign body. 

Nostrils dilating forcibly and rapidly — difficult respi- 
ration. 

Itching nostrils — in children a sign of intestinal 
worms. 

4. Region of the Throat. 

Enlarged — some anginose affections, in the first months 

of pregnancy, and at the approach of puberty in 

females. 
Violent pulsation of carotid arteries — acute mania, 

cerebral inflammation, hypertrophy of heart with 

dilatation of right ventricle, anaemia, sometimes in 

typhoid fever. 
Pulsation of arteria innominata (above the sternum, 

in front and to the right of the trachea) — aortic 

regurgitation. 
Circumscribed swellings — glandular enlargements. 

5. Region of the Chest. 

General expansion of one side — large pleuritic effu- 
sion. 

Bulging at base of lung — gravitating pleuritic effusion. 

Bulging at anterior superior parts of chest — emphy« 
sema. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 183 

Bulging in right hypochondrium — enlargement of 
liver. 

Bulging in precordial region — effusion into pericar- 
dium, or hypertrophy of heart. 

Tumor about the junction of third rib, with right side 
of sternum — aneurism of ascending aorta. 

Tumor between the base of scapula and the spine — 
aneurism of descending aorta. 

Retraction of one side (usually the left) — after absorp- 
tion of pleuritic effusion. 

Depression or local retraction — absorption of circum- 
scribed effusion, phthisis. 

Respiration increased (healthy standard about 20 a 
minute) — dyspnoea, as in spasmodic asthma. 

Respiration diminished — pleurisy and pleurodynia, 
paralysis of respiratory muscles, pneumonia, em- 
physema, pneumothorax, phthisis, etc. 

Respiration jerking — spasmodic, asthma, obstruction 
of larynx and trachea, pleurodynia. 

Respiration costal — abdominal inflammation and dia- 
phragmatic pleurisy. 

6. Abdominal Region. 

General increase of volume — ascites, meteorism, tym- 
panites (these latter known by resonance, and occur 
in adynamic diseases, peritonitis, intestinal obstruc- 
tion, hysteria, etc.). 

Enlargement of hypochondria — diseases of liver or 
spleen. 

Enlargement in epigastrium — hysteria and cancer of 
stomach. 

Enlargement in hypogastrium — distension of bladder, 
ovarian tumors, fecal accumulation, etc. 

Diminished size — in most chronic diseases, as chronic 
dysentery, in lead colic (with hard muscles). 



184 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 



7. Genital Organs. 

Enlarged penis in children — vesical calculus, mastur- 
bation. 

Cartilaginous hardness of corpora cavernosa — from 
onanism. 

Retraction of testicles — renal calculus. 

Distended scrotum — hydrocele, hematocele, sarcocele. 

Enlarged labia majora — general dropsy, local affec- 
tions. 

8. Extremities. 

Immovable — paralysis. 

Contracted and rigid — softening of brain, etc. 
(Edematous — from embarrassed circulation. 
Articulations swollen — rheumatism, hydrarthrosis, 

white swelling, etc. 
Diminished in size — paralysis. 



B. PHYSIOLOGICAL. 

1. Functions of the Nervous System. 
I. Sensation. 

Morbidly augmented — acute inflammatory affections 
of brain and spinal marrow, idiopathic fevers, hys- 
teria. 

Tensile pain — phlegmonous inflammation. 

Dull, heavy pain — enlarged viscera, internal tumor, 
effusion in serous cavities, in the loins previous to 
menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges. 

Smarting pain — skin deprived of .cuticle, or under in- 
fluence of irritants. 

Lancinating pain — cancer and neuralgia. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 185 

Boring pain — constitutional syphilis, rheumatism, gout, 
inflammation of periosteum, etc. 

Contusive pain — from bruises, in acute diseases. 

Itching and formication — cutaneous disorder. 

Exaltation of vision — ophthalmia, inflammation of 
brain and meninges, some nervous affections. 

Museae volitantes — affections of brain and optic nerve, 
dyspepsia. 

Hearing painfully acute — cerebral inflammation, hys- 
teria. 

Hearing obtuse — in typhus fever. 

II. Voluntary Motion. 

Increase of strength — acute disorder, with delirium, 
cerebral inflammation, mania. 

Debility — in most diseases. 

Paralysis — indicative of lesion of brain or spinal mar- 
row, as apoplexy, spinal softening, etc., or of injury 
to a nervous trunk, or it may be functional, as in some 
cases of hysteria. 

Trembling — cold stage of fever, nervous affections, 
ataxic fevers, in old persons, action on the system of 
lead, mercury, strong coffee, alcoholic liquor, tobacco, 
and opium. 

Rigidity of limbs — in upper extremities, a symptom 
of softening of the brain, cerebral extravasation, 
hysteria. 

III. Keflex or Excito-Motory System. 

Cramp — pregnant women, hysteria, painter's colic, etc. 

Tetanus (another form of tonic spasm) — may be trismus 
when the muscles of mastication are affected, empros- 
thotonos, with the body bent forward, opisthotonos, 
if bent backward, and pleurosthotonos, with lateral 
curvature. 



186 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Clonic or temporary spasm — seen in convulsions of 
children, in hysteria, and some affections of the brain, 
in subsultus tendinum taking place in acute, ataxic 
diseases, in hiccough, etc. 

Morbid rhythmical movements — disease of cerebellum 
or its commissures. 

Reflected or sympathetic sensations, as pain at extremity 
of penis from calculus of bladder, pain in right shoul- 
der from congested liver, in left shoulder from disor- 
dered stomach, etc.", are numerous. 

IV. Intellect. 

Exaltation of affections — hypochondriasis. 

Abolition of moral sensibility — mania, typhus fever. 

Illusion and hallucination — insanity. 

Exaltation of intellect — melancholia, sometimes at 
close of life. 

Enfeebled intellect — typhus fever. 

Delirium — diseases of brain and its meninges, typhus 
fever, the exanthemata ; diseases of chest and abdo- 
men. 

Insomnia — mania, etc. 

Drowsiness — typhoid fever, some affections of the 
brain, etc. 

2. Function of Respiration. 

I. Dyspnoea. 

1. From the access of pure air impeded, 

a. Mechanical. 

Rigidity of parts — cartilages ossified, pleura indu- 
rated, rickety distortion. 
Pressure of parts — tumors or dropsies of abdomen. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 187 

Obstructions of air-tubes — effusions, swellings, or tu- 
mors pressing on them, spasm of glottis or bronchi. 

Compression of lungs — effusions or tumors in pleural 
sac, in pleurisy, hydrothorax, pneumothorax, aneu- 
rism, etc. 

Alteration in tissue of lungs — enlargement of the ves- 
sels, effusions, as oedema, hepatization, tubercle, etc., 
altered structure, or emphysema, dilated bronchi, 
vomica, etc. 

b. Chemical. 

Deficiency of oxygen in the air — mephitic gas, rarefied 
air. 

c. Vital. 

Pain of parts moved in respiration — pleurodynia, 

pleuritis, peritonitis, etc. 
Paralysis of muscles — injury of spinal marrow. 
Weakness of muscles — prostration in ataxic fever, etc. 
Spasm of muscles — tetanus, spasmodic asthma. 

2, From the state of the blood. 

a. Mechanical. 

Obstruction to the passage of blood — diseases of heart 
and great vessels, tumors pressing on them. 

b. Chemical. 

An excessive venous state — violent exertion. 
Deficiency of red particles — ansemia, chlorosis. 

3. From the nervous relation of parts, 

Excessive sensibility of par vagum — hysteric dyspnoea, 
cerebral fevers. 



188 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Defective sensibility of par vagum — coma, narcotism, 
etc. 

II. Cough. 

Hollow or barking — in last stage of consumption, 
chronic bronchitis, in some nervous affections. 

Sharp or ringing — in croup. 

Hoarse — incipient catarrh, chronic laryngitis, anginous 
affections. 

Wheezing — asthma. 

Belching — some disease of larynx. 

Paroxysmal — whooping-cough, hysteria. 

On auscultation, bronchial (harsh, rapidly evolved, con- 
centrated) — phthisis, pneumonia, pleurisy, dilatation 
of bronchi. 

On auscultation, cavernous (hollow) — tubercular excava- 
tion, dilated bronchi. 

On auscultation, amphoric (metallic or ringing) — bron- 
cho-pleural fistula, large, tubercular excavation. 

III. Expectoration. 

Scanty — first stage of acute affections of lungs. 

Copious — decline of acute diseases of air-passages or 
lungs, in chronic affections. 

Serous or watery — forming stage of bronchitis, pulmo- 
nary congestion, and vesicular emphysema. 

Mucous — bronchitis and pneumonia. 

Purulent — phthisis, third stage of pneumonia. 

Nummular (like coin) — tubercular phthisis, bronchitis 
of measles, occasionally in chronic bronchitis. 

Flocculent, niu co-purulent — advanced phthisis. 

Tubular — plastic bronchitis, pneumonia. 

Whitish — beginning of acute affections of the lungs. 

Yellowish or greenish — acute bronchitis. 

Rusty — pneumonia. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 189 

Putrid smell — gangrene of lungs. 

Faint and sweetish smell — bronchitis, and first stage 

of phthisis. 
Alliaceous odor — broncho-pleural fistula. 

IV. Pain. 

Dull, heavy, aching, round the base of the chest — acute 

bronchitis. 
Soreness in sternal region, and between the shoulders — 

acute bronchitis. 
Sharp, lancinating, sudden, usually below the nipple — 

pleuritic. 
Darting from anterior part of chest to interscapular 

region — in phthisis. 
Constant pain between the shoulders — in phthisis, 

chlorosis, other chronic diseases. 

V. Effects of Percussion. 

Increased clearness of sound — in pneumothorax and 
emphysema. 

Dulness of sound — pneumonia, pleurisy, phthisis, hy- 
drothorax, etc. 

Wooden sound — chronic pleurisy, with dense mem- 
branes. 

Tympanitic — pneumothorax and emphysema. 

Tubular — pleuritic effusion, tubercular excavation. 

Amphoric — (imitated by filliping the inflated cheek) 
— tubercular cavities. 

Cracked metal sound — cavities near the surface. 

VI. Effects of Auscultation. 

Exaggerated respiration — in portion of lungs adjoining 
those unfit for respiration. 



190 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Weak respiration — from obstruction to entrance of air 

to the part. 
Suppressed respiration — when mucus clogs up a large 

bronchus. 
Jerking respiration — incipient pleurisy, spasmodic 

asthma, tuberculous infiltration. 
Incomplete respiration (inspiratory murmur deficient) 

— spasmodic asthma. 
Bronchial respiration (like the top of sternum and root 

of lung naturally) — in pneumonia, tubercles, etc. 
Cavernous and amphoric — tuberculous excavation. 

Dry Rhonchi. 

Sibilant — in bronchitis, from modified calibre of air- 
cells. 

Sonorous — in bronchitis, from modified calibre of air- 
cells. 

Dry, crackling (few in number, coexisting with inspi- 
ration) — first stage of phthisis. 

Humid Rhonchi. 

Crepitation (imitated by rubbing a lock of hair between 
the ^fingers near the ear) — pneumonia in stage of en- 
gorgement and of resolution. 

Subcrepitant (more moist than last) — in capillary 
bronchitis, pneumonia at resolution, pulmonary apo- 
plexy, oedema of lung. 

Mucous — bubbling through liquid in bronchi of large 
size. 

Cavernous or gurgling — same as last, but in the pul- 
monary excavation. 

Friction-sound — from diseased pleura. 

Diminished vocal resonance — in vesicular emphysema, 
pneumothorax. 

Exaggerated vocal resonance, or bronchophony — tuber- 
cle, pneumonia in stage of hepatization. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 191 

iEgophony (nasal tone like a bleat of a goat) — pleuritic 

effusion. 
Pectoriloquy (resonance, as in a hollow, and transmitted 

in articulate words) — tubercular caverns, and dilated 

bronchi. 
Metallic, tinkling sound (imitated by striking gently a 

hollow glass vessel with a pin) — in pneumo-hydro- 

thorax, with bronchial fistula, in some excavations of 

the lungs. 

3. Circulatory Functions. 
I. Auscultation of the Heart. 

a. Its Impulse. 

(Is correspondent with the pulse at the wrist, unless 
mechanical impediments exist.) 
Strong — in fevers and inflammations. 
Small vibratile — after hemorrhage, in anaemia, etc. 
Full, strong, heaving, and somewhat diffused — hyper- 
trophy. 
Still more powerful, felt over the whole precordial 

region — hypertrophy with dilatation. 
Feeble and diffused — ventricular dilatation. 
Sharp, concentrated — in anaemic or nervous persons, 

atrophy of the muscular walls of the heart with fatty 

degeneration. 
Visible at scrobiculus cordis — obstruction anterior to 

tricuspid valve. 
Visible at scrobiculus cordis, as well as between the ribs 

of left side — disease of mitral valve. 

b. Its Rhythm. 

(The natural rhythm is a long sound, a short sound, 
and an interval.) 



192 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

A ltered rhythm — most frequent cause is valvular change, 
dilatation of heart and atrophy of walls of ventricles, 
effusions into the pericardium. 

c. Its Sound. 

(Natural sound represented by lub-tub lub-tub.) 
Louder and clearer — dilatation of the cavities, with 

thinning of the walls, without valvular disease. 
Clearer, but not louder — muscular atrophy of the 

parietes. 
Decreased sounds — impeded action, hypertrophy. 

(Unnatural sounds, or murmurs.) 
Endocardial (or blowing murmurs, bellows murmur, 
rasping murmur, filing murmur, musical murmur), — 
indicative of valvular lesions, of diseased blood, as 
anaemia, of nervous disease of heart. 
Exocardial (rubbing murmur and its varieties) — peri- 
carditis, from the attrition of roughened surfaces. 



II. Character of the Pulse. 

a. As to its Force and Intensity. 

Strong, resists compression by the finger. In inflam- 
matory affections, especially of the parenchyma of the 
solid viscera, as lungs and liver, in the active hemor- 
rhages. In plethoric and strong individuals, any de- 
rangement of circulation will cause it. 

Weak (easily compressible) — disease with prostration, 
nervous and chronic affections, especially when 
caused by perverted nutrition, produced by fear, 
diseases of old men, women, and children. 

Full, volume of artery seems increased — natural pulse 
of plethoric and tall persons, diseases with strong 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 193 

pulse, cerebral congestion and apoplexy, cardiac 
disease. 

Small, opposite of full — often from narrowing of aortic 
orifice, in the serous phlegmasia, as peritonitis, peri- 
carditis, inflammations of stomach, intestines, bladder, 
etc., in hysteria, hypochondriasis, and other nervous 
affections, in chlorosis, in cold stage of fevers, diseases 
with violent paroxysms of pain, a symptom of ady- 
namic and ataxic diseases, and of purulent resorption. 

Corded (hard, sharp, or contracted, giving a vibratory 
sensation to the fingers) — in the membranous phleg- 
masia, sanguine congestions, active hemorrhages, 
neurosis, lead colic, etc. 

Soft (compressible or liquid, yields readily to pressure) 
— in adynamic affections. 

b. As to its Rhythm. 

Frequent — febrile and inflammatory disease, hemor- 
rhages, etc. 

Slow or infrequent — apoplexy acute tubercular men- 
ingitis, some adynamic affections, sometimes in dis- 
eases of heart. 

Unequal (dicrotous or double in beat) — convalescence. 

4. Function of Digestion. 

Tongue diminished in size (generally also trembling 
and dry) — typhus and other low fevers. 

Tongue coated, etc. — Dr. Louis' observations indicate 
that the tongue does not show the true state of the 
stomach. This is a subject worthy of further investi- 
gation. 

Appetite voracious — pregnancy, hysteria, and insanity. 

Appetite diminished — most acute diseases. 

Thirst increased — acute affections, especially of stom- 
ach and bowels — after hemorrhages, in diabetes. 
13 



194 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Thirst abolished — some cerebral diseases with coma. 

Vomiting — beginning of acute inflammatory and feb- 
rile affections, early pregnancy, in colic, cerebral dis- 
eases, hernia. 

Pain aggravated by pressure — inflammation of viscera, 
peritonitis. 

Pain relieved by pressure — overdistension, neuralgia, 
colic. 

Tormina — acute colic. 

Tenesmus — in dysentery. 

Faeces watery — serous diarrhoea, Asiatic cholera. 

Faeces mucous (like white of egg) — chronic inflamma- 
tion of the colon. 

Faeces hard and scybalous — constipation, colic, cancer 
of stomach, etc. 

Faeces clay color — deficiency of bile. 

Faeces yellow or dark brown — excess of bile. 

Faeces dark green — from bile, after calomel in children. 

Faeces red or streaked with blood — dysentery, when 
the blood is dark, and mixed with the faeces, it is 
usually from the upper part of intestinal canal. 

Faeces pitchy black — melaena. 

Faeces pure blood, unattended with colic — hemorrhoids. 

Faeces semi-transparent and colorless, with whitish 
clots (like rice-water or turbid whey) — Asiatic 
cholera. 

Faeces black — from iron as medicine. 

Faeces with shreds of false membrane — dysentery and 
diarrhoea, biliary or intestinal calculi, worms, etc. 

Faeces with fat — diabetes, phthisis. 

Faeces fetid — adynamic diseases. 

5. Urinary Secretion. 

Suppression or diminution — most inflammatory and 
febrile diseases, dropsy. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 195 

Retention in the bladder — from paralysis, typhoid 
fever, hysteria, etc. 

Increased amount — diabetes, cold stage of fevers, hys- 
teria, from various passions of the mind. 

Urine darker than usual in inflammatory affections ; if 
much blood is abstracted during their progress, it 
becomes clearer; at the height of the inflammation 
it is clear and deeply colored; when it subsides, 
there is a yellow or reddish sediment of uric acid 
and urates. 

Deposits of uric acid (red or yellow sand sediments) — 
fever, acute inflammation, rheumatism, phthisis, all 
the grades of dyspepsia, disease attended with arrest 
of perspiration, diseases of genital apparatus, from 
blows and strains of the loins, excessive indulgence 
in animal food, too little exercise. 

Deposits of earthy phosphates (white sediment) — in- 
dicate a depressed state of the nervous energy of 
serious importance. 

Deposits of oxalate of lime — digestive derangement. 

Urine containing blood — hemorrhage of kidneys or 
urinary tract. 

Albuminous urine — Bright' s disease, dropsy after scar- 
latina, etc. 

Mucous urine — irritated or inflamed state of genito- 
urinary mucous membrane. 

Sugar in urine — dyspepsia; when excessive, diabetes 
mellitus. 

6. Perspiration. 

Profuse — acute rheumatism, decline of acute inflamma- 
tions and fevers (the latter often critical). 

Diminished — early stage of acute disease, dropsy, dia- 
betes. 

Night sweats — phthisis (profuse, debilitating). 

Excessive acid odor — (rheumatism, gout). 



196 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 



Odor fetid — some adynamic fevers. 

Odor mouldy — measles, scarlet fever. 

Odor ammoniacal — sometimes in typhoid fever. 

Odor peculiar in insanity. 

Odor of chlorine or rottenstone — miliary. 

7. Animal Heat. 

General heat of surface — in fevers. 

External local heat — in inflammation. 

Forehead hot — cephalalgia. 

Scalp hot — cerebral disease. 

Integument of chest hot — thoracic inflammation. 

Hands and feet hot — phthisis. 

Peculiar acrid heat (burning, the applied hand) — in 
typhus fever. 

Chill — initial of fever, and of the phlegmasia?, partic- 
ularly pneumonia. 

Temperature generally low — from languid circulation. 

Coldness of hands and feet — in nervous and anaemic 
persons. 



IX, 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND 
THERAPEUTICS. 



A. PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF DISEASE. 
I. Properties of Contractile (Muscular) Fibre. 

a. Irritability. 

1. Excessive. Seen in excessive strength, as in delirium ; 
or in quickness, as in convulsions or clonic spasm ; or 
in unusual duration, in tonic spasm (cramp, catalepsy, 
and tetanus). Remedies. — If from flow of blood, an- 
tiphlogistic ; firm pressure on muscles in cramp (mas- 
seter muscle in trismus). If from nervous irritation, 
narcotics and antispasmodics, especially stramoni- 
um, belladonna, sulphuric ether, and Indian hemp. 

2. Defective. In force (weakness and paralysis) or in 
readiness to contract (as from opium, digitalis, etc., 
and some cerebral diseases). Remedies. — Repose, if 
from exhaustion ; stimulants, as ammonia, brandy, etc. 
(often large quantities), electricity, cold water dash ; 
strychnia and cantharides in paralysis (endermic ap- 
plication best). 

b. Tonicity. 

(Cold increases tonicity and impairs irritability.) 
1. Excessive. Remedies. — Antimony, etc., to relax the 
fibre. 

197 



198 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

2. Defective. Remedies. — Tonics, especially cold, Peru- 
vian bark, iron, the mineral acids, and generous 
living. 

II. Properties of Nerves. 

a. Sensibility (General). 

1. Excess. Narcotics, mostly required, as opium, hen- 
bane, hemlock, etc. If vascular excitement, anti- 
phlogistic treatment ; with weakness, slow pulse, and 
absence of fever, tonics and stimulants as well as nar- 
cotics required. (Inhalation of ether the most pow- 
erful anodyne.) 

2. Defective (as in coma, etc.). Sometimes depletion; if 
no disease, mental excitement, bodily exertion ; the 
cold dash, and friction ; from narcotics and retained 
excrement; use purgatives, diuretics, emetics, etc. 
If anemia, stimulants. 

3. Perverted Sensibility (illusory or depraved sensations). 
Chalybeates, etc. ; narcotics, etc., as palliatives. 

b. Local Sensibility. 

1. Excessive (from disease, etc., as the pain of pleurisy, 
etc.). If from inflammation, antiphlogistics ; if re- 
maining after inflammation, anodynes (endermic 
application of morphia often useful: remove the 
cuticle by a blister, and apply one or two grains of a 
soluble salt of morphia ; as the acetate or hydrochlo- 
rate ; repeat once or twice daily, and keep the surface 
moist) ; counter-irritation and warmth (as gastrodynia 
relieved by a sinapism at the pit of the stomach). 
In a weak circulation, especially if the pain be inter- 
mittent, tonics are useful (as neuralgia treated with 
quinine, and iron ; hemi crania with quinine, or liquor 
arsenicalis). 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 199 

c. Voluntary Motion. 

1. Excessive. Depletion, antimonials, cold to the head, 
if determination of blood. If more nervous, nar- 
cotics. 

2. Defective. Excite the nervous centres through the 
circulation, as by stimulants, etc. (Hysterical coma 
often removed by turpentine injection, or croton oil 
purge, which acts both as a revulsive to the vessels 
and a stimulant to the nerves.) 

3. Perverted Volition. Treatment various ; in delirium 
tremens by narcotics, as opium ; in chorea, by nervous 
tonics, especially iron and zinc. 

d. Keflex Action.' 

Connected with organic life. The contractions of all the 
sphincters, and the regular action of the muscles of 
respiration depend on it. (A nervous influence, inde- 
pendent of the will conveyed by afferent nerves from 
the surface to the spinal marrow, and reflected from 
it through the afferent nerves to the muscles of the 
parts.) 

1. Excess. Seen in spasm of throat in hydrophobia, 
tetanus, hysteria, etc. ; in convulsive motions of lower 
limbs when tickled, etc., in paraplegia, etc. Also in 
epileptic and apoplectic convulsions, which are centric 
when resulting from diseases in the head or loss of 
blood ; or eccentric when from irritation of the ex- 
tremities of afferent nerves ; as from teething, intes- 
tinal, uterine, and renal irritation, passing a bougie, 
sometimes, etc. ; also in partial spasms and sympathetic 
irritation of distant parts. 

If these inordinate reflex actions are general or ex- 
tensive, as convulsions, tetanus, and paraplegia, we 
refer them to undue excitement, or erethism of the 
spinal marrow; the more partial examples (sympa- 



200 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

thetic irritation, etc.) may arise from a small portion 
of it only, or of the afferent or efferent nerve of the 
part. Increased flow of blood to the medulla, or its 
nerves, or the branches of the sympathetic nerve ; the 
direct action of poisons, as strychnia ; mechanical 
irritation on the spinal marrow, or its nerves (as in 
tetanus, tumors, and spicula of bone in spinal canal, 
etc.), may cause this excitement. The involuntary 
excito-motory property is also accumulated by rest 
and sleep. Hence narcotism, injury of the spine, sed- 
entary habits, too much sleep, etc., by suspending 
volition, may cause a morbid excess of involuntary 
nervous power, and develop convulsive and spasmodic 
symptoms, which are the result of its overflow. 

Remedies. — Often antiphlogistic, because often de- 
pendent on determination of blood. If more purely 
nervous, as tetanus, etc., a narcotic used (hydrocyanic 
acid, woorara, resin of Indian hemp, conium, etc., 
reduce the power of the spinal system, and cause 
general relaxation of muscles, but they may destroy 
life by arresting respiration ; useful, however, in small 
doses in slighter irritations, as vomiting, nervous pal- 
pitation, and hiccough). Extract of belladonna and 
stramonium, useful in convulsive cough and spasmodic 
asthma, and combined with opium in the spasms of 
colic, dysentery, and dysuria. 

In weak subjects, without inflammation, medicines 
which act as stimulants to the heart, and vessels, and 
cerebral functions, and also as sedatives to the medul- 
lary system (the stimulant antispasmodics, as ether, 
ammonia, musk, essential oils, external heat and 
counter-irritation, etc.). Tonics also reduce the ex- 
citability of the spinal excito-motory system, especially 
metallic tonics, as iron, nitrate of silver, sulphate and 
oxide of zinc, and sulphate of copper, cold baths, 
change of air, and exercise useful. 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 201 

2. Defective reflex actions; seen in paralysis of sphincters, 
eyelids, and muscles of respiration ; and extreme de- 
bility from fatigue, excitement, or directly depressing 
influences. 

Remedies. — Stimulants, narcotics, tonics (indis- 
criminate use of narcotics, hazardous in extreme 
weakness) ; should be preceded or combined with 
stimulants ; those least depressing to be preferred, as 
opium ; give suitable nourishment also in liquid form. 

e. Reflected (or Sympathetic) Sensation. 

Keflex action referred to motion, but the impressions 
which cause sensation may be reflected in a similar 
manner : thus, ascarides in the rectum cause itching 
of the anus, congestion of the liver, often a pain in 
the right shoulder-blade, and the pains of angina and 
gastrodynia often extend to the whole chest; the 
former especially radiates to the left arm. 

Remedies. — 1. Those that remove the irritating 
cause. 2. Anodynes, by deadening sensibility (the 
efficacy of trisnitrate of bismuth and hydrocyanic 
acid in gastrodynia, and some kinds of angina, not 
referable to a narcotic property). Tonics are often 
useful, as morbid sympathies, like other nervous dis- 
orders, are exalted by weakness or irregularity of the 
circulation, 

III. Properties of Secretion. 

1. Excessive Secretion weakens, from the drain it causes 
from the blood. Its effects may be forward on the 
parts to which the secretion goes, or backward on the 
organ which secretes it and the blood from which it 
is formed. 

(Forward effects of excessive secretion of bile seen 



£02 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

in bilious diarrhoea or cholera ; of profuse mucous 
secretion in the intestines in simple diarrhoea; in the 
bronchi in dyspnoea and cough ; in the stomach, seen 
in pyrosis or water-brash, etc. Backward effects seen 
in torpid bowels after diarrhoea.) 

Remedies. — If dependent on the quantity and 
quality of the blood, depletion, derivation, and evac- 
uants. (The excessive secretion then a means of re- 
lief, and arrested by increasing it, as a purge of calo- 
mel will stop a bilious diarrhoea, from an engorged 
liver.) If from nervous or other irritation, causing 
weakness and disturbance of the functions, it may be 
checked by tonics and astringents (as cold to the part, 
alum, superacetate of lead, sulphates of zinc and cop- 
per, gallic acid and tannin, vegetables which contain 
tannin, etc., mineral acids, etc. These act by direct 
application, as in diarrhoea or leucorrhoea, or through 
the circulation. Some agents, without a general as- 
tringent effect, diminish the secretion of particular 
organs, as opium, which remarkably lessens the 
secretion of the liver, and sometimes that of the kid- 
neys). 

If excessive secretion have caused febrile disturb- 
ance, means to increase other secretions may restore 
a proper balance. Thus, in bilious cholera, saline 
diuretics and diaphoretics are serviceable ; in renal 
irritation, with copious secretion of lithic acid, blue 
pill to augment the bile is often beneficial (combina- 
tions of medicines more useful in any disturbance of 
secretion, especially if long continued, as mercurials 
with diuretics, antimonials with salines, etc.). 
2. Defective. May cause general plethora, or local con- 
gestions, leading to dropsical effusions, fluxes, hemor- 
rhages, or inflammations. Forward effects instanced 
in disorder in the latter stages of digestion, from de- 
ficiency of bile. Backward effects often seen in con- 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 203 

gestion of the organ ; and very remarkably in the 
case of the excretions, as urine and bile, which poison 
the blood when retained, causing typhoid symptoms, 
extreme depression, coma, and death. If the sup- 
pression be incomplete in the latter instances, the 
poisoning process is more tardy, producing various 
functional and visceral derangements, as delirium, or 
lethargy, dyspnoea, palpitation, vomiting, diarrhoea, 
etc. (The excrementitious matters may then be de- 
tected in the blood, and other parts of the body ; as 
the color of bile in the textures in jaundice; urea in 
the blood, etc., in glandular degeneration of the kid- 
neys, etc. Gout, rheumatism, degeneration, dropsies, 
etc., are often caused by various degrees of defective 
excretion.) 

Remedies. — If from defective supply of blood, 
stimulants, etc. ; if from inflammation or congestion, 
depletion or derivation. Often the first disorder is in 
the secreting structure itself, and the remedy must be 
those agents which increase the respective secretions; 
as mercury for the liver ; colchicum, nitre, etc., for 
the kidneys ; croton oil, jalap, sulphate of magnesia, 
etc., for the intestines, etc. (These specific stimuli 
in excess, or too long continued, may cause not only 
general weakness, but also an exhaustion of the vital 
properties which they excite ; as long or excessive use 
of mercury causes torpidity of the liver ; of purga- 
tives, imperfect action of the bowels ; of diuretics, 
scanty, albuminous, or watery urine; — hence they 
should be intermitted and alternated with tonics, as 
bitters with mercurials; chalybeates with saline 
aperients and diuretics.) In chronic cases, medicine* 
which are inferior in efficacy to be preferred, because 
less exhausting — (examples: taraxacum, iodine, sar- 
saparilla, nitric and nitro-muriatic acids). Where 
defective secretions are not readily restored, they may 



204 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

sometimes be compensated for by artificial substitutes. 
Thus ox-gall, aloes, and soap, or toasted bacon at 
breakfast, promotes the action of the intestines, in de- 
fective secretion of bile; and defective secretion of 
mucus may be remedied by mucilage, etc. 
3. Perverted Secretion often accompanies excess and 
defect. In febrile diseases, the secretions of the kid- 
neys and the alimentary canal are altered as well as 
diminished ; inflammation and determination of blood 
change as well as increase the secretion from mucous 
membranes, rendering it more saline and sometimes 
albuminous, etc. Altered secretion may be unfit for 
use ; as a thin, acrid mucus irritates instead of pro- 
tecting the membrane, as in coryza and mucous diar- 
rhoea ; viscid, dry mucus obstructs the tubes ; altered 
gastric juice causes indigestion ; sebaceous matter ac- 
cumulating in the follicles of the skin causes irritation, 
inflammation, etc. 

Remedies. — Usually those which increase secretion. 
In some cases tonics may be advantageously combined 
with them. Such a combination is presented in most 
of those remedies called alteratives. 

IV. Constituents of the Blood. 

The principal constituents of the blood, necessary to be 
mentioned here, are the red particles, fibrin, and al- 
bumen, either in excess, defect, or alteration. The 
other constituents of the blood are oil, salts, and 
water. In malignant cholera, the defect of saline 
matter and water, owing to the excessive evacuations, 
seems to be the cause of the obstructed circulation, 
lividity, and collapse, and hence the temporary effi- 
cacy of injection of saline solutions into the veins of 
such patients. 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 205 



a. Bed Particles. 

The red particles of the blood are distinct structures — 
living cells, floating in the liquor sanguinis; they 
have a tendency to cohere in piles or roleaux in 
fresh-drawn blood, and this tendency is strongest 
in blood taken from a person affected with inflamma- 
tion. 

1. Excess. Seen in sanguineous plethora. A slight in- 
crease has been detected in the early stage of inflam- 
mations and fevers, especially eruptive fevers, as 
measles and scarlatina. 

Remedies. — Bloodletting the speediest agent. Low 
or vegetable diet and the antiphlogistic regimen gen- 
erally : saline medicines, much diluted and taken co- 
. piously, have a remarkable effect. 

2. Defect. Seen in the lymphatic temperament, also 
after a great loss of blood, in chlorosis and other 
anaemic states, in scrofulous and tubercular diseases, 
in the latter periods of fevers, and after severe in- 
flammations, in granular degeneration of the kidney, 
etc. Known by paleness of parts naturally red, pallid 
or sallow complexion, a weak state of the functions 
generally. 

Remedies. — Air; light nourishing food, especially 
brown meats ; tonics, particularly iron (Quevenne's 
metallic iron, Ferrum per hydrogen). 

3. Alteration. Of the red particles is evinced by change 
of color in the blood, and change of form in the in- 
dividual corpuscles, as seen by the microscope. 

Seen in scurvy ; in the Walcheren and other malig- 
nant fevers, in cachsemia, from malarious influence, 
generally in connection with a diseased spleen ; in 
congestive typhoid fevers, etc. 

Remedies. — Saline medicines have been recom- 
mended in typhoid and malignant fevers ; but reme- 



206 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

dies to increase the excretions in connection with those 
mentioned under the last head, are less questionable ; 
in malarious and anaemic cachsemia; the use of pur- 
gatives and diuretics, combined with chalybeate tonics, 
has produced the best effects. 

b. Fibrin. 

But little difference between fibrin and albumen, in 
chemical composition, yet fibrin is distinguished by 
its being organizable or susceptible of life. It causes 
the coagulation of the blood ; it constitutes the buffy 
coat and coagulable lymph ; and is probably the ma- 
terial by which chiefly the textures are nourished and 
repaired. 

1 . Excess. In all true inflammatory diseases, especially 
those of a sthenic character, and in acute rheumatism. 
There is a relative excess also in diseases connected 
with a deficiency of red particles. 

Remedies. — Bloodletting and low diet; yet fibrin is 
less reduced by them than excess of red particles. 
Remedies which increase the more solid secretions 
probably diminish the fibrin. 

2. Defect. Seen in fluidity, or but slight coagulation of 
blood when drawn, or in asthenic tendency to hemor- 
rhage, and unmanageable oozing of blood from an ac- 
cidental wound, etc., in cases of poisoning with hy- 
drocyanic acid, etc., in adynamic fevers, etc., in cases 
of asphyxia, cyanosis, etc. 

Remedies. — Assist the functions on which the sup- 
ply of fibrin depends. If the digestive organs will 
bear them, meat, eggs, bread and other articles 
abounding in protein ; assist digestion and assimila- 
tion by stimulants, bitters, quinine, and the mineral 
acids ; help respiration by the access of pure, cool 
air ; avoid fatigue ; secure sleep, if necessary, by 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 207 

narcotics; toxieological means, of course, if called 
for. 
3. Alterations. Seen in the varieties presented by the 
bufly coat, and contractions of the clot of blood. Also 
in the varieties of the reparative process. False mem- 
brane, deposits, etc., in a healthy subject, may be eu- 
plastic, or in a high degree organized and healthy. But 
in many instances the nutritive material is caco-plastic, 
or susceptible of only a low degree of organization, as 
in induration, from chronic inflammation, in fibro- 
cartilage, cirrhosis, gray tubercle, etc. It may also be 
aplastic, or not organizable at all, as in pus, curdy 
matter, yellow tubercle, etc. 

Remedies. — The increased properties of separation 
and contraction manifested by blood in inflammation, 
are reduced by bloodletting, etc. Yet if antiphlogistic 
remedies do not remove local inflammation, they may 
render its product more injurious by lowering its plas- 
ticity. Hence the necessity of endeavoring to remove 
inflammations before they become chronic, and when 
there is risk of such event, improving the condition 
of the blood by a tonic and nutritive plan, conjoined 
with local antiphlogistic measures. A similar tonic 
treatment is indicated in scrofulous, chlorotic, and 
other cachectic states, where the fibrin is relatively 
copious with a tendency to aplastic deposits. In ad- 
dition, remedies likely to keep the fibrine dissolved, as 
^ alkalies, and iodide of potassium, are advisable, al- 
though the efficacy of these means has not been fully 
proved. 

c. Albumen. 

1. Excess. Exists in most cases of inflammations, and 
fevers, especially during their more active stages. 
Its increase is not, however, in proportion to that of 
fibrin. Its excess in cholera is due to the removal of 



208 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

the water of the blood. Very poor living, extensive 
hemorrhage, and other drains will reduce it. 
2. Defect. Met with in cases of albuminuria, and in 
diabetes : it seems to be a chief constituent of the 
dropsical diathesis. 

Remedies. — Those which restrain wasting discharges 
and improve general nutrition. Cod-liver oil recom- 
mended for the last purpose. 

V. Changes in the Blood by Respiration. 

The change of venous into arterial blood is never in 
excess, for the activity of the respiration is adapted 
to the rapidity of the circulation, and the correspond- 
ing need of change. 

Defect of the change is the essence of asphyxia or 
apnoea. 

Remedies. — Best, fresh air and sedative medicines 
(as digitalis, hyoscyamus, etc.), or antispasmodics. 
Sometimes an enfeebled circulation may require 
stimulants, or an engorged venous system calls for 
depletion. In suspended animation from drowning, 
etc., artificial respiration, frictions, the warm bath, 
stimulants, etc. 

VI. Changes in the Blood by Excretion. 

See Sect. III. Property of Secretion. 

Other changes may be produced in the blood from the 
transformation of the chyle and of the textures, in- 
cluding the processes of nutrition and reparation 
(probably the cause of gout, diabetes, and obesity). 
The presence of foreign matters in the blood, also, 
may excite various contagious, epidemic or endemic 
diseases ; but too little is yet ascertained to supply any 
certain knowledge. 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 209 

b. Proximate or Secondary Elements of Disease. 
I. Anaemia. 

The exciting causes of anaemia are circumstances 
which injure or withdraw the blood ; profuse dis- 
charges of other fluids ; scanty or poor food ; impure 
air; chronic diseases, and uterine irregularity, as 
chlorosis. 

The general symptoms are weakness, both muscular and 
organic ; defective nutrition ; and imperfect sangui- 
fication ; the nervous system is also frequently excited. 
Remedies. — (See A, Section IV.) Those which in- 
crease the constituents of the blood. 

II Hypercemia or Excess of Blood. 

This may be general (plethora), with increased motion 
(sthenic), or with diminished motion (asthenic) ; or 
it may be local, with diminished motion (congestion), 
or with increased motion (determination of blood). 
The results of these may be hemorrhage, flux, dropsy, 
etc. Another variety of hyperemia may be distin- 
guished by an altered or perverted action of the 
vessels. This is chiefly local, and includes inflam- 
mation, 

Remedies. — For plethora, bloodletting and other 
evacuants. In the sthenic kind, sedative and relaxing 
remedies are also indicated, but in the asthenic, tonics, 
and even stimulants ; or alterative aperients, as mild 
mercurials, witli rhubarb, aloes, or senna, salines, and 
taraxacum, iodide of potassium, etc. ; may prepare the 
way for various tonics. 

For congestion, the most important means are those 

which Contribute to a removal of its cause, as the 

loosening of a ligature, reduction of a compressing 

tumor, moderating the action of a diseased heart, or 

14 



210 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

restoring the secretion of the liver, etc. In conges- 
tion from atony of the vessels, a change of posture 
sometimes gives relief, as in congestive fevers, when 
the head is affected, it should be elevated ; congested 
uterine, or hemorrhoidal, vessels, and varicose limbs, 
are assisted by the recumbent posture. Pressure, as 
by bandages, etc., is also useful at times. Astringents 
are sometimes useful by increasing the contractility 
of the vessels. Stimulants also are often very effec- 
tive, as diluted spirit lotion to a congested conjunctiva, 
capsicum gargle to a congested throat, or a stimulant 
wash to a purple sore, etc. 

For determination of blood, the removal of stimuli or 
irritants from the part, or the reduction of their action 
by soothing or diluent remedies, is the first indication. 
The atonic distension of the arteries supplying the 
part may be relieved by cold, astringents, and deri- 
vants ; as cold lotions to the head, and the hot foot- 
bath in determination to the head. Evacuants, also, 
and frequently bloodletting, are indicated as deri- 
vants. 

Inflammations. — In incipient inflammation, for the 
congestion, astringents, stimulants, or evacuants may 
be useful. For the irritation of the nerves and vessels, 
sedatives, derivatives, and evacuants. 

In local inflammation, the remedies for congestion and 
determination are applicable For impeded circula- 
tion in a part, moist heat, and other stimulants ; but, 
for increased circulation, the remedies for determina- 
tion. In inflammation with fever, general bloodletting 
and other evacuants are called for; relaxants, as anti- 
mony, etc. ; low diet, etc. 

(A remarkable fact has been discovered by Dr. Marshall 
Hall, viz., that in inflammatory diseases a much larger 
quantity of blood may be drawn without producing 
syncope, than can be taken in health, or in other dis- 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 211 

eases.) He says : " In eases in which it is doubtful 
whether the pain or other local affection be the effect 
of inflammation or of irritation, the question is im- 
mediately determined by placing the patient upright, 
and looking upward, and bleeding to incipient syn- 
cope. In inflammation much blood flows ; in irrita- 
tion very little.' 7 This he considers a rule for blood- 
letting, a guard against undue and inefficient bloodlet- 
ting, and a "source of diagnosis, in the fullest sense 
of the word." 
The following table shows the results of his investiga- 
tions, as to the tolerance of bloodletting in different 
diseases, before incipient syncope. 

I. Augmented Tolerance. 

1. Congestion of the brain, t ^xl-l. 

2. Inflammation of serous, synovial, and fibrous mem- 
branes, §xxx-xl. 

3. Inflammation of the parenchyma of organs (brain, 
lung, liver, mamma, etc.), gxxx. 

4. Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes 
(erysipelas, bronchitis, dysentery), §xvj. 

II. Healthy Tolerance. 

This depends on the age, sex, strength, etc., and on the 
thickness of the parietes of the heart ; and is about 
gxv. 

III. Diminished Tolerance. 

1. Fevers and eruptive fevers, ,5 x j - xiv. 

2. Delirium tremens and puerperal delirium, |jx-xij. 

3. Laceration or concussion of the brain. Accidents, 
before the establishment of inflammation. Intestinal 
irritation, t 5viij-x. 



212 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

4. Dyspepsia, chlorosis, ^viij. 

5. Cholera, ,^vj. 

The exhaustion from long-continued inflammation often 
renders stiumulants and tonics necessary ; as also the 
depression arising from the influence of purulent or 
gangrenous matter. The effused products of inflam- 
mation require evacuants, attenuants, alteratives, stim- 
ulants, friction, etc. 

Varieties of Inflammation. — The sthenic form requires 
of course all the antiphlogistic measures, but in the 
asthenic form, local bloodletting is better than general, 
which is illy borne. Antimony or mercury, and blis- 
ters, form the chief treatment. The diet, though light, 
should not be too spare. 

Erysipelatous inflammation is generally asthenic, and 
often requires stimulant and tonic agents. The local 
treatment consists of punctures and incisions ; cauter- 
ization by nitrate of silver ; and mercurial ointment, 
which is supposed to modify the character of the 
poison. A solution of sulphate of iron in water, one 
ounce to a pint of water, applied to the part by 
moistened rags, acts like a charm. 

The aphthous inflammation of children is to be treated 
by aperients, with a local application of borax, or a 
weak solution of sulphate of zinc. 

Scrofulous inflammation owes its peculiarity to a de- 
graded condition of the plasma, or nutritive material 
of the blood ; and hence it is most benefited by tonics, 
nourishing diet, etc. Cod-liver oil, iodide of potas- 
sium, etc., are medicines in repute. 

Hheumatic and gouty inflammation require means to 
eliminate the morbid matter from the system, as mer- 
cury and colchicum. Active antiphlogistic measures 
are often necessary, however, before these medicines 
will act. 

Gonorrhoea! inflammation requires mild antiphlogistic 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 213 

and demulcent measures at first, and astringent injec- 
tions and terebinthinate remedies afterward. Mer- 
cury is the chief specific in syphilis. 

c. Structural Disease. 

Including increased nutrition (hypertrophy), diminished 
nutrition (atrophy), and perverted nutrition, would 
open a field too extensive for a table like the present. 
It pertains, too, rather to the department of morbid 
anatomy than to pathology proper. (See' A, Section 
IV.) 

Modes of Death. 

I. Beginning at the heart. 1. Suddenly (syncope). 
This is instantaneous ; the subject suddenly turning 
pale, falling back, or dropping down, and expiring 
with one gasp. 

2. Gradually ( asthenia). The symptoms are, — 
increasing weakness of body and mind, with perhaps 
no marked derangement in any particular function ; 
increased frequency, and diminishing strength of the 
pulse; the face, lips, etc., becoming paler and paler, 
or of a peculiar sallowness ; extremities become cold 
and cedematous ; tongue often dry and brown, or 
furred, and the mouth aphthous; excretions imperfectly 
voided at first, then the sphincters lose their power, 
and the discharges are involuntary ; general sinking. 

II. Beginning at the breathing apparatus (asphyxia' or 
apncea). Symptoms : increased feeling of suffocation ; 
face, neck, etc., congested, and changing from red to 
purple, and from purple to livid ; stupor ; reduction 
of temperature ; weak and irregular pulse ; rapid re- 
duction of muscular strength. 

III. Beginning at the brain (coma). Its symptoms are 
those of interrupted function of the brain, insensi- 



214 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

bility, and suspension of voluntary motion, the heart's 
action not being materially impaired. The excito- 
motory system of the medulla is often affected, as well 
as the sensorial and voluntary functions ; hence res- 
piration is interrupted, convulsions sometimes ensue, 
and the sphincters are relaxed. 

IV. Beginning at the medulla (paralysis). This mode, 
like that of the last, is really by apncea, but the excito- 
motory function is the first to fail. Of course there 
can be no respiration when this ceases. 

V. Beginning with the blood (necrsemia). The symp- 
toms are typhoid, putrid, or malignant ; a congested 
surface, the color being dusky or livid ; exanthem- 
atous patches on the skin, or petechia? ; echymoses, or 
oozing of thin, bloody fluid from the gums, nostrils, 
etc. ; extreme prostration ; obtuse senses and mental 
faculties; sometimes with delirium and twitching of 
the limbs ; half-closed eyes and dilated pupils ; fre- 
quent and unequal respiration ; no appetite ; intense 
thirst ; a dry, brown tongue with dark sordes on the 
lips and teeth ; progressive fall of temperature ; cold, 
clammy, and fetid perspiration ; hiccough ; subsultus 
tendinum; scanty, offensive urine; involuntary dis- 
charges. 



INDEX. 



ABBREVIATIONS, 10 
Abdominal symptoms, 183 
Abscess, 16 
Absinthe, 30 
Absinthium, 30 
Acacia, 30, 148 
Accumulative effects, 9 
Acer Pennsylvanicuni, 31 
Acetate of copper, 71 

lead, 110 

morphia, 103 

potassa, 112 

soda, 125 
Acetic acid, 33 

ether, 31 
Acetuin, 31 

aromaticum, 31 

cantharidis, 31 

colchici, 31, 161 

destillatum, 32 

lobelise, 32 

opii, 32, 161, 162 

sanguinariae, 32 

scil'lse, 32, 161 
Achillea millefolium, 33 
Acids, 12, 139 
Acidum aceticum, 33, 1-47 

aceticum aromaticum, 33 

aceticum camphoratum, 33 

aceticum dilutum, 33 

arseniosum, 33, 146 

benzoicum, 34 

carbazoticum, 34 

carbolic um, 34 

carbonicum, 139 



Acidum chromicum, 34 

citricum, 34 

gallicum, 35 

nydriodieum dilutum, 35 

hydrochloricum, 35. 139 

hydrochloricum dilutum, 35 

hydrocyanicum dilutum, 35 

lacticum, 36 

muriaticum, 35, 139 

nitricum, 36, 139 

nitricum dilutum, 37, 139 

nitro-muriaticum, 37, 139 

phosphoricum, 139 

phosphoricum dilutuiu, 139 

sulphuricum, 37, 139 

sulpburicum aromaticum, 
37, 139 

sulphuricum dilutum, 38,139 

sulphurosum, 38 

tannicum, 38 

tartaricum, 39 

valerianicum, 39 
Aconite, 39 
Aconiti, 39 
Aconitia, 39 
Aconitum napellus, 39 
Actsea, 39 

Adansonia digit ata, 39 
Adeps, 39 

Adiantum pedatum, 40 
JEgle marmelos, 54 
iEsculus hippocast., 40 
iEther sulphuricus, 40 
others, 148 
Agaric, 40 

215 



216 



INDEX. 



Agathotes chirayta, 64 
Agave Americana, 40 
Age, in prescriptions, 5 
Agrimonia eupatoria, 40 
Agrimony, 40 
Ailanthus glandulosa, 40 
Ajuga chamsepitys, 40 
Akazga, 41 
Albumen, 207 
Alchemilla vulgaris, 41 
Alcohol, 14, 41, 148 

amylicum, 41 

dilutum, 41 

methylic, 41 
Alcoholism, 20 
Alcornoque, 42 
Aletris, 42 
Aleurites triloba, 42 
Alisma plantago, 42 
Alkalies, 12, 140 
Alkaloids, vegetable, 154 
Alkanet, 42 
Alliaria officinalis, 42 
Allium, 42 ; 132 
Almonds, 46 
Alnus rubra, 42 
Aloe, 43 
Alteration of fibrin, 207 

red particles, 205 
Althsese, 43 
Alum, 43, 142 

curd, 43 

root, 86 
Alumen, 43, 142 

exsiccatum, 43, 142 
Alumina, 142 
Aluminse sulphas, 44 
Amaranthus hypochondriacus, 

44 
Amber, 130 
Ambergris, 44 
Ambrosia trifida, 44 
American aloe, 40 

centaury, 120 

columbo, 80 

dittany, 71 

hellebore, 136 

holly, 91 



American ipecacuanha, 83 

poplar, 112 
Ammoniacum, 44, 141 
Ammonia? arsenias, 44 

benzoas, 44 

bicarbonas, 44 

boras, 44 

carbon as, 45, 141 

hydrochloras, 45, 141 

murias, 45, 141 

phosphas, 45 

valerian as, 45 
Ammoniated copper, 72 

iron, 85 
Ammonii bromidum, 46 

iodidum, 46 
Ammonio-ferric alum, 77 
Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 46 
Amygdalae, 46 
Amylum, 46, 147 
Anacardium occidentale, 46 
Anaemia, 17, 209 
Anagallis arvensis, 46 
Anchusa officinalis, 46 

tinctoria, 42 
Andira inermis, 56 
Andromeda arborea, 46 
Anemone pratensis, 46 
Anethum, 46 
Angelica, 47, 49 
Angustura, 47 
Animal charcoal, 59 

heat, 196 
Aniseed, 47 
Anisum, 47 
Annotta, 47 

Antennaria margaritacea, 47 
Anthemis, 47 
Antimonii et potassae tar., 47, 146 

praecipitatum, 146 

sulphuretum, 146 
Antimonium sulphuratum, 48 
Antimony, 13, 146 
Antirrhinum linaria, 48 
Aphasia, 21 
Apocynum androssemifolium, 48 

cannabinum, 48 
Aqua acidi carbonici, 155 



INDEX. 



217 



Aqua ainmoniae, 49 

amygdalre amarae, 155 

camphora, 155 

cinnaniomi, 155 

fceniculi, 155 

nienthre pip., 155 

nienthse virid., 155 
Aquae, 49 

rosse, 155 
Aquilegia vulgaris, 49 
Aralia nudicaulis, 49 

spinosa, 49 
Arctium lappa, 49 
Areca nut, 49 
Argemone Mexicana, 49 
Argenti eyaniduin, 50 

iodidum, 50 

riitras, 50, 145 

nit r as fusus, 50, 145 
Argeuti oxidum, 51, 145 
Armoracia, 51 
Arnica, 51 
Aromatic confection, 168 

sulphuric acid, 37 

vinegar, 33 
Arrow poison. 72 
Arrowroot. 100, 147 
Arseniate of ammonia. 44 
Arsenic, 13, 146 
Arsenici iodidum, 146 
Arsenious acid, 33, 146 
Arum, 51 
Asarabacca, 51 
Asarum canadense, 52 
Asclejuas, 52 

curassavica, 52 

sis;antea, 57 
Ash, 80 

Asparagus, 52 ' 
Aspect of patient, 179 
Assacon, 87 
Assafcetida, 52 
Aster puniceus, 53 
Astringents, 153 
Atomizers, 53 
Atropia, 53 
Atropine sulphas, 53 
Attitude of patient, 179 



Aurantii cortex, 53 

Aurum, 83 

Auscultation of chest, 189 

of heart, 191 
Australian gum, 76 
Avense farina, 53 
Azedarach, 53 

BAEL FRUIT, 54 
Balm, 101 
Balmony, 63 
Balsam apple, 102 
Balsams, 151 
Balsamum Peruvianum, 53 

tolutanum, 54 
Baneberrv, 39 
Baobab, 39 

Baptisia tinctoria, 54 
Barberry, 55 
Barley, 87 
Barosma, 56 
Baryta, 12, 142 
Bastard ipecacuanha, 52 
Bav-berry, 104 
Bav rum* 169 
Beaked hazel, 69 
Bear's foot, 85 
Bear's whortleberry, 134 
Bebeeru, 54, 105 
Beech drops, 107 
Belse fructus, 54 
Belladonna, 54 
Benne, 125 
Benzin, 55 

Benzoate of ammonia, 44 
Benzoic acid, 34 
Benzoin, 55 
Benzoinum, 55 

odoriferum, 54 
Benzole, 55 
Berberis vulgaris, 55 
Betel nut, 49^ 
Bethroot. 133 
Betula. 55 

Biborate of ammonia, 44 
Bibron's antidote, 15 
Bicarbonate of ammonia, 44 

potassa, 112 



218 



INDEX. 



Bicarbonate of soda, 126 
Bichloride of platinum, 110 
Bichromate of potassa, 112 
Birch, 55 
Bird manure, 84 
Bisenna, 102 
Bismuth, 13, 28, 146 
Bismuthi subcarbonas, 55 

subnitras, 55, 146 

valerianas, 55 
Bistort, 55 
Bisulphate of potassa, 55 

quinise. 117 
Bisulphuret of carbon, 55 
Bitartrate of potash, 112 
Bitter almond water, 155 

ash, 56 

candy-tuft, 91 

cucumber, 67 

polygala, 111 
Bittera febrifuga, 56 
Bittersweet, 74 
Black alder, 116 

berry, 119 

birch, 55 

haw, 136 

hellebore, 85 

oxide of mercury, 89 

pepper, 109 

snakeroot, 64 
Bladder diseases, 16 
Bladder-wrack, 80 
Blessed thistle, 62 
Blistering fly, 59 

plaster, 175 
Blood diseases, 17 

root, 121 
Blue cohosh, 62, 96 

flag, 94 

gentian, 82 
Bole armenian, 56 
Boletus, 40 
Bone diseases, 18 
Boneset, 76 
Borage, 56 

Borago officinalis, 56 
Borate of soda, 126 
Borax, 126 



Boundou, 41 

Box, 56 

Brain diseases, 19 

Brandy, 128 

British oil, 105 

Bromide of ammonium, 46 

potassium, 115 
Bromine, 56, 143 
Brominium, 56 
Broom tops, 123 
Brown mixture, 164 
Bryony, 56 
Buchu, 56 
Buck bean, 102 

thorn, 118 
Buglass, 46 
Bugle weed, 98 
Burdock, 49, 96 
Burgundy pitch, 110 
Burning bush, 76 
Burnt sponge, 128 
Butterfly weed, 52 
Butternut, 95 
Button bush, 62 

snakeroot, 75, 97 
Buxus sempervirens, 56 

n ABB AGE-TREE BARK, 56 

\J Cactus grandifiora, 56 
Cadmii iodidum, 56 

sulphas, 57 
Caffea, 57 
Cahinca, 57 
Calabar bean, 109 
Calamina, 57 

prseparata, 57, 125 
Calamine, 57 
Calamus aromaticus, 57 
Calcis carbonas prsecipitata, 57 

phosphas praecipitata, 57, 142 
Calendula officinalis, 57 
Callitriche verna, 57 
Calomel, 88 
Calomelas, 88 
Calotropis gigantea, 57 
Calumba, 57 
Calx chlorinata, 58, 142 
Camphor, 58 



INDEX. 



219 



Camphora, 58 
Cancer root, 107 
Canella, 58 
Canna, 147 
Cantharis, 59 

vittata, 59 
Capsicum, 59 
Caraway, 60 
Carbo animalis, 59, 147 

ligni, 59, 147 
Carbolic acid, 18, 21, 24, 34 
Carbonate of lead, 111 

lime, 57 

litbia, 97 

magnesia, 98 

potassa, 113 

soda, 126 

zinc, 57 
Carbonic acid water, 155 

oxide, 14 
Cardamine pratensis, 60 
Cardamom seed, 60 
Cardamomum, 60 
Carota, 60 
Carrageen, 64 
Carrot. 60 
Cartbamus, 60 
Carum, 60 
Carya, 60 
Caryophyllus, 60 
Cascarilla, 61 
Cassia, 61, 65 

fistula, 61 
Castanea, 61 
Castor, 61 

oil, 150 
Castoreum, 61 
Catalpa cordifolia, 61 
Cat aria, 61 
Catawba tree, 61 
Catechu, 61 
Catnip, 61 

Caulophyllum thalictroides, 62 
Ceanothus Americanus, 62 
Cedron, 62 
Celandine, 63, 123 
Celastrus scandens, 62 
Centaurea benedicta, 62 



Centaury, 62 

Cephalanthus occidentalis, 62 

Cera fiava et cera alba, 62 

Cerata, 63 

Cerate of carbonate of zinc, 176 

subacetate of lead, 177 
Cerates and ointments, 175 
Ceratum adipis, 175 

calamine, 176 

cantharidis, 175 

cetacei, 175 

plumbi subacetatis, 177 

resince compositum, 175 

sabinse, 175 

saponis, 177 

zinci carbonatis, 176 
Cerii oxalas, 63- 
Cetaceum, 63 
Cetraria, 63 
Chalk mixture, 163 
Chamomile, 47 

Changes in blood by excretion, 
208 

respiration, 208 
Character of the pulse, 192 
Charcoal, 59, 147 
Chelidonium majus, 63 
Chelone glabra, 63 
Chenopodium, 63 
Chestnut leaves, 61 
Chest symptoms, 182 
Chicory, 64 
Chimaphila, 64 
Chinquapin, 61 
Chiococca racemosa, 57 
Chiretta, 64 
Chloral, 64 

hydrate, 64 
Chlorate of potassa, 113 
Chloride of lime, 58 

mercury, 88 

sodium, 127 

zinc, 137 
Chlorinated lime, 58 
Chlorine, 14 
Chloroform, 64, 148 
Chlorosis, 17 
Chondrus, 64 



220 



INDEX. 



Chromic acid, 34 
Cichorium intybus, 64 
Cicuta virosa, 64 
Cimicifuga, 64 
Cimicifugin, 165 
Cinchona, 65 
Cinchonise sulphas, 65 
Cinnabar, 89 
Cinnamomum, 65 
Cinnamon, 65 

water, 155 
Circulatory functions, 191 
Citrate of iron, 77 

iron and ammonia, 77 

iron and magnesia, 66 

iron and quinia, 77 

lithia, 98 

potassa, 113 

soda, 66 
Citric acid, 64 
Cleavers, 81 
Clematis erecta, 66 
Climate, 8 

Climbing staff-tree, 62 
Clove-pink, 72 
Cloves, 60 
Cobweb, 66 
Coca, 75 

Cocculus indicus, 66 
Coccus, 66 
Coccyodynia, 19 
Cochineal, 66 
Cochlearia officinalis, 66 
Coco butter, 66, 150 
Cocos butyracea, 66 
Cod-liver oil, 16, 150 
Coffee, 57, 66 
Cohosh, 39, 64 
Colchici radix et semen, 66 
Colchicum, 66 
Collinsonia, 67 
Collodium, 67, 147 
Colocynthis, 67 
Coloring principles, 153 
Coltsfoot, 134 
Columbine, 49 
Columbo, 57 
Comfrey, 131 



Common mallow, 99 
Compound resin cerate, 175 

spirit of ether, 169 
Comptonia asplenifolia, 67 
Concentrated or resinoid ex- 
tracts, 165 
Condition of stomach, 8 
Confectio aromatica, 168 

of roses, 168 

opii, 168 

sennas, 168 
Confection, 67, 168 
Conium, 67 

Constituents of the blood, 204 
Contrayerva, 68 
Convallaria majalis, 68 

multiflora, 68 
Convolvulus panduratus, 68 
Copaiba, 68 
Copper, 14, 144 
Coptis, 69 

Corallorhiza odontorhiza, 69 
Coral-root, 69 
Coriander, 69 
Coriandrum, 69 
Cornus Florida, 65, 69 
Corrosive sublimate, 87 
Corydalis formosa, 69 
Corylus rostrata, 69 
Cotton, 84, 147 
Cotula, 69 

Cotyledon umbilicus, 69 
Cough, 188 
Cowhage, 104 
Crane's bill, 82 
Cream of tartar, 112, 141 
Creasote, 14, 70 
Creasotum, 70, 147 
Creta prseparata, 70, 141 
Crocus, 70 
Croton oil, 150 
Crowfoot, 118 
Cubebse, 70 
Cuckoo-flower, 60 
Cucurbita citrullus, 71 
Culver's physic, 96 
Cumin seed, 71 
Cunilla mariana, 71 



INDEX. 



221 



Cupri acetas, 71 

subacetas, 145 

sulphas, 71, 144 
Cuprum aniinoniatuni, 72, 145 
Curcuma, 72 
Cuspario, 47 
Cyanide of mercury, 88 

potassium, 115 

silver, 50 
Cyano-hydric acid, 35 
Cyanuret of silver, 50 
Cyclamen Europeeum, 72 
Cydonium, 72 
Cynara scolymus, 72 
Cynoglossum officinale, 72 
Cypripedium, 72 
Cytisus laburnum, 72 



T\ AJAKOCH, 72 
U Dandelion, 132 
Deadly nightshade, 54 
Decoctions, 72, 162 
Decoctum cetrarise, 153 

chimaphike, 162 

cinchona;, 162 

cornus Florida?, 163 

dulcamarae, 162 

haematoxyli, 162 

hordei, 163 

quercus, 162 

sarsap. compositum, 163 

senegse, 163 

taraxaci, 163 

uvse ursi, 162 
Decubitus of patient, 179 
Defect of albumen, 208 

fibrin, 206 

red particles, 205 
Defective irritability, 197 

reflex action, 201 

secretion, 202 

sensibility, 198 

tonicity, 197 

voluntary motion, 199 
Delphinium, 72 
Derangement of sensation, 184 

voluntary motion, 185 



Derangements of animal heat, 
196 

digestion, 193 

intellect, 186 

perspiration, 195 

reflex system, 185 

respiration, 186 

urinary secretion, 194 
Dewberry root ; 119 
Diabetes, 17 
Diachylon plaster, 178 
Diantims caryophyllus, 72 
Digestion, 193 
Digit alin, 73 
Digitalinum, 73 
Digitalis, 73 
Dill, 46 
Dilute acetic acid, 33 

alcohol, 41 

hydriodic acid, 35 

hydrochloric acid, 35 

hydrocyanic acid, 35 

nitric acid, 37 

sulphuric acid, 38 
Dioscorea, 73 
Dioscorine, 73 
Diosma, 56 
Diospyros, 73 
Distilled vinegar, 32 
Dittany, 71 
Dock root, 119 
Dog's bane, 48 
Dog's-tooth violet, 75 
Dogwood, 69 
Domestic measures, 6 
Donovan's solution, 146, 157 
Dover's powder, 170 
Dracontium, 73 
Dragon root, 51 
Dried alum, 43 

sulphate of iron, 79 
Dulcamara, 74 
Dyer's saffron, 60 
Dyspnoea, 186 

EARTHS, 12, 141 
Effervescing draught, 34 
powders, 170 



222 



INDEX. 



Elaterium, 74 

Elder, 121 

Elecampane, 92 

Elements of disease, 209 

Elemi, 74 

Elixir of vitriol, 37 

Elm, 184 

Emetic tartar, 47 

Emplastra, 74 

Empla strum ammoniaci, 177 

antimonii, 177 

arnica?, 177 

assafoetida?, 177 

belladonna?, 178 

cum hydrargyrum, 177 

ferri, 178 

galbani compositum, 178 

hydra rgyri, 178 

opii, 178 

picis Burgundies, 178 

picis cum cantharida?, 178 

plumbi, 178 

plumbi iodidi, 178 

resina?, 178 

saponis, 178 
Epigsea repens, 74 
Epilepsy, 20 

Epilobiuni angustifolium, 74 
Equisetum hyemale, 74 
Erechthites hieracifolia, 74 
Ergota, 74 
Erigeron, 75 
Erodium cicutarium, 75 
Eryngium, 75 
Erythronium, 75 
Erythroxylon coca, 75 
Essences, 168 
Essential oil, 104 
Ethers, 148 
Ethiops mineral, 89 
Eucalyptus globosus, 76 
Euonymus, 76 
Eupatorium, 76 
Euphorbia, 76 
Excessive irritability, 197 

reflex action, 199 

secretion, 201 

sensibility, 198 



Excessive tonicity, 197 

voluntary motion, 199 
Excess of albumen, 207 

fibrin, 206 

red particles, 205 
Expectoration, 188 
Extractive matters, 152 
Extracts, 76, 164 
Extractum aconiti, 164 

aconiti alcoholicum, 164 

arnica ale, 164 

belladonna?, 164 

belladonna? ale, 164 

buchu fluidum, 166 
. cannabis purificatum, 164 

cinchona?, 165 

cinchona? fluidum, 166 

colchici aceticum, 165 

colocynthidis comp., 165 

conii* 164 

conii ale, 164 

conii fluidum, 166 

digitalis ale, 164 

dulcamara ale, 165 

dulcamara? fluidum, 166 

ergota? fluidum, 166 

gentian a?, 165 

gentiana? fluidum, 166 

glycyrrhiza?, 165 

ha?matoxyli, 165 

hellebori ale, 164 

hyoscyami, 164 

hyoscyami ale, 164 

hyoscyami fluidum, 166 

ignatia? ale, 165 

ipecacuanha fluidum, 166 

jalapa?, 165 

juglandis, 165 

krameria?, 165 

lupulina? fluidum, 166 

nucis vomica?, 165 

opii, 165 

opii liquidum, 166 

podophylli, 165 

pruni Virginiana? fluidum, 
166 

quassia?, 165 

rhei, 165 



INDEX. 



223 



Extractum rhei fluiduin, 166 
sarsaparilla comp., 166 
sarsaparillse, 165 
sarsaparillse fluidum, 166 
serpentarise fluidum, 166 
stramonii, 164 
stramonii ale, 164 
sennse fluidum, 166 
spigeliae fluidum, 166 
taraxaci, 165 
taraxaci fluidum, 166 
uva ursi fluidum, 166 
valerian a3 fluidum, 166 
veratri viridis fluidum, 166 
zingiberis fluidum, 166 

Extremities, 184 

FACE SYMPTOMS, 180 
False sarsaparilla, 49 
sunflower, 85 
unicorn, 86 

Farinaceous medicines, 147 

Fel bovinum, 26, 76, 148 

Female diseases, -21 

Fennel, 80 

Fermentum, 76 

Ferri bromidum, 144 
chloridum, 77 
citras, 77, 144 
et ammonii citras, 77 
et ammonii sulphas, 77 
et ammonii tartras, 77 
et potassse tartras, 77, 144 
et quinise citras, 77, 144 
ferrocyanidum, 77 
ferrocyanuretum, 144 
iodidi syrup, 167 
iodidum, 77, 144 
lactas, 78, 144 
oxidum hydratum, 78, 144 
phosphas, 78, 144 
pulvis, 143 
pyrophosphas, 78 
ramenta, 79 
redactum, 78 
subcarbonas, 78, 143 
sulphas, 79, 143 
sulphas exsiccata, 79 



Ferri sulphuretum, 79 
valerian as, 144 

Ferrocyanide of potassium, 115 

Ferrum, 79. 143 

ammoniatum, 79, 144 
per hydrogen, 79, 143 

Fever-bush, 54 

Feverfew, 117 

Fever-root, 133 

Fevers, 22 

Fibrin, 206 

Ficus, 80 

Figs, 80 

Figwoit, 123 

Filix, 80 

Fireweed, 74 

Fixed oils and fats, 148 

Flaxseed, 97 

Fleabane, 75 

Florentine orris, 94 

Fluid extracts, 166 

Fly-trap, 122 

Fceniculum, 80 

Fowler's solution, 158 

Foxglove, 73 

Frasera, 80 

Fraxinus excelsior, 80 

Frostwort, 85 

Fucus vesiculosus, 80 

Fumaria officinalis, 80 

Fumitory, 80 

Fusel oil, 41 

GALANGAL, 80 
Galbanum, 81 
Galega officinalis, 81 
Galium, 81 
Gallse, 81 
Gallic acid, 35 
Galls, 81 
Gambogia, 81 
Garden artichoke, 72 
Garlic, 42 
Gases, 14 
Gastric juice, 118 
Gaultheria, 82 
Gelseminum, 82 
Genital symptoms, 184 



224 



INDEX. 



Gentiana, 82 

catesbsei, 82 
Geranium, 82 
German chamomile, 100 
Geum, 82 
Gillenia, 83 
Ginger, 138 
Ginseng, 108 
Glauber's salts, 127 
Glechoma hederacea, 83 
Globular i a alypum, 83 
Glycerate of borax, 174 

carbolic acid, 173 

gallic acid, .174 

tannic acid, 174 
Glycerates, 83, 173 
Glycerina, 83, 148 
Glycyrrhiza, 83 
Gnaphalium, 83 
Goat's rue, 81 
Gold, 13, 83 
Golden rod, 127 
Goldthread, 69 
Gombo, 86 
Goose-grass, 81 
Gossypium, 84, 147 
Goulard's cerate, 177 

extract, 145 
Granatum, 84 
Grindelia robusta, 84 
Ground-ivy, 83 

laurel, 74 

pine, 40 
Guaco, 84 

Guaiaci resina et lignum, 84 
Guaiacum, 84 
Guano, 84 
Guarana, 108 
Gum ammoniac, 44 

arabic, 30 

resins, 151 
Gutta-percha, 85 

HABITS, 8 
Hsematoxylon, 35 
Hamamelis, 85 
Hardhack, 128 
Headache, 20 



Head symptoms, 180 

Heal-all, 67 

Heart diseases, 23 

Hedeoma, 85 

Hedera helix, 85 

Hedge garlic, 42 

Heleborus foetidus, 85 

Helenium autumnale, 85 

Helianthemum, 85 

Helleborus, 85 

Helonias, 86 

Hemidesmi, 86 

Hemlock, 67 
pitch, 110 

Henbane, 91 

Hepatica, 86 

Heracleum, 86 

Heuchera, 86 

Hibiscus abelmoschus, 86 

Hickory, 60 

Hieracium, 86 

Hirudo, 87 

Hive syrup, 167 

Hoffman's anodyne, 169, 148 

Honey, 101 

of borax, 101 

Honeysuckle, 98 

Hops, 87 

Hordeum, 87 

Horse-chestnut, 40 

Horsemint, 102 

Horse-radish, 51 

Horsetail, 74 

Horse-weed, 67 

Hound's tongue, 72 

Humulus, 87 

Hura, 87 

Hydrargyri chloridum corrosi- 
vum, 87, 146 
chloridum mite, 88, 146 
cyanidum, 88 
cyanuretum, 147 
iodidum rubrum, 89, 146 
iodidum viride, 88, 147 
oxidum nigrum, 89, 147 
oxidum rubrum, 89, 147 
sulphuretum nigrum, 89, 147 
sulphuretum rubrum, 89, 147 



INDEX. 



225 



Hydrargyri sulphas flavus, 89, 

146 
Hydrargyrum ammoniatum, 90, 
147 

cum creta, 90, 147 

cum magnesia, 90 
Hydrastin, 166 
Hydrastis, 90 
Hydrate of chloral, 20, 64 
Hydrated oxide of iron, 78 

sesquioxide of iron, 78 
Hydrochlorate of ammonia, 17, 

25, 26, 45 
Hydrochloric acid, 35 
Hydrocotyle, 91 
Hyoscyami, 91 
Hyperemia, 17, 209 
Hypericum, 91 
Hypophosphite of lime, 19 
Hypophosphites, 91 
Hyposulphite of soda, 126 
Hyssopus, 91 

TBERIS AMARA, 91 
JL Iceland moss, 63 
Ichthyocolla, 91, 148 
Idiosyncrasy, 8 
Ignatia bean, 92, 129 
Ilex, 92 
Impatiens, 92 
Imperatoria, 92 
Index of diseases, 16 
Indian hemp, 48 

physic, 83 

pink root, 128 

sarsaparilla, 86 

tobacco, 98 

turnip, 51 
Indigo, 92 
Inflammation, 11 
Infusions, 92, 155 
Infusum angusturse, 156 

anthemidis, 156 

armoracise, 156 

buchu, 156 

capsici, 156 

caryophilli, 156 

cascarilla, 155 

15 



Infusum catechu comp., 156 

cinchona comp., 157 

cinchonas, 155 

calumbse, 156 

digitalis, 156 

eupatorii, 156 

gentianse comp., 157 

humuli, 156 

kramerise, 156 

lini comp., 156 

pruni Virginianee, 157 

quassise, 157 

rhei, 156 

rosse comp,, 156 

sarsaparillge, 156 

sassafras medul., 157 

senna, 156 

serpentarise, 156 

spigelian, 156 

tabaci, 156 

taraxaci, 156 

ulmi, 156 

Valerianae, 156 

zingiberis, 156 
Inhalation, 25, 26, 27 
Inorganic products, 139 
Insanity, 20 
Intellect, 186 
Intestinal diseases, 24 
Inula, 92 
Iodide of ammonium, 46, 92 

antimony, 92 

barium, 92 

cadmium, 56 

calcium, 93 

iron, 77 

lead, 111, 145 

manganese, 99 

mercury, 88 

potassium, 12, 115, 143 

silver, 50, 93 

sodium, 93 

starch, 93 

sulphur, 130, 143 

zinc, 93, 137 
Iodine, 12, 93, 143 
Iodinium, 93 
Iodoform, 93 



226 



INDEX. 



Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassi- 
um, 93 
tannin, 94 

Ipecacuanha, 94 
Iris, 94 
Irish moss, 64 
Iron, 13, 79, 199 

filings, 79 
Irritability, 197 
Isinglass, 91 
Isonandra, 85 
Ivy, 85 

JALAP, 94 
James's powder, 146 
Jeffersonia, 95 
Jellies, 168 
Juglans, 95 
Juniperus, 95 

Virginiana, 95 

KALMIA LATIFOLIA, 95 
Kameela, 119 
Kidney diseases,, 25 
Kino, 95 
Kooso, 96 
Krameria, 96 

LABARRAQUE'S DISINFEO 
tant, 140, 158 
Laburnum, 72 
Lac sulphuris, 134 
Lactate of iron, 78 

manganese, 99 
Lactic acid, 36 
Lactucarium, 96 
Ladies' slipper, 72 

mantle, 41 
Lappa, 96 
Lard, 39 
Larkspur, 72 

Laryngeal and tracheal dis- 
eases, 25 
Lavandula, 96 
Lavender flowers, 96 
Lead, 13, 14, 145 
Leech, 87 
Lemons, 97 



Leontice thalictroides, 96 
Leonurus, 96 
Leopard's bane, 51 
Leptandra virginica, 96 
Leptandrin, 166 
Liatris spicata, 97 
Life-everlasting, 47, 83 

root, 124 
Lignin and its derivatives, 147 
Ligusticum levisticum, 97 
Lily of the valley, 68 
Lime, 12, 141 

water, 142, 157 
Limones, 97 
Linimenta, 97 
Liniments, 174 
Linimentum aconiti, 174 

ammonia?, 174 

belladonna?, 174 

camphora?, 174 

camphora? compositum, 174 

cantharidis, 174 

chloroformi, 174 

crotonis, 174 

hydrargyri, 174 

iodi, 174 

opii, 174 

potassii iodidi cum sapone, 
174 

saponis, 175 

sinapis comp., 174 

terebinthina?, 175 
Linseed oil, 150 
Linum, 97 
Lion's foot, 116 
Liquids, 172 
Liquor ammonia citratis, 157 

ammonia? acetatis, 141, 157 

arsenici et hydrargyri iodi- 
di, 146, 157 

arsenici hydrochloricus, 157 

barii chloridi, 142, 157 

bismuthi et ammonia? citra- 
tis, 157 

calcii chloridi, 142, 157 

calcis, 142, 157 

calcis saccharatus, 157 

ferri bromidi, 143 



INDEX. 



227 



Liquor ferri citratis, 157 
ferri iodidum, 144 
ferri nitratis, 144, 157 
ferri perchloridi fortior, 158 
ferri subsulphatis, 158 
gutta-perchae, 158 
hydrargyri nitratis, 158 
iodinii compositus, 142, 158 
Utilise effervescens, 15S 
magnesias carbonatis, 158 
magnesiae citratis, 158 
morphias acetatis, 158 
morphiae bydrochloratis, 158 
morphiae sulphatis, 158 
plumbi subacetatis, 158 
plumbi subacetatis dilutus, 

158 
potassae, 140, 158 
potassae arsenitis, 146, 158 
potassae citratis, 158 
sodae chlorinates, 140, 158 

Liquores, 97 

Liquorice, 83 

Liriodendrou, 97 

Litharge, 111, 145 

Lithiae carbonas, 97 
citras, 98 

Liver diseases, 26 

Liverwort, 86 

Lobelia, 98 

Logwood, 85 

Long pepper, 109 

Lonicera caprifolium, 98 

Loveage, 97 

Lugol's solution, 143 

Lunar caustic, 50 

Lung diseases, 26 

Lycopus, 98 

Lythrum salicaria, 98 



MACE, 104 
Madder, 119 
Magendie's sol. of sulphate of 

morphia, 158 
Magnesia, 98, 142 
Magnesias bicarbonas, 142 
carbouas, 98, 142 



Magnesiae sulphas, 99, 142 
Magnolia, 99 
Maidenhair, 40 
Malambo, 99 
Male fern, 80 
Malva, 99 

Mandragora officinalis, 99 
Mandrake, 99, 111 
Manganese, 99, 144 
Manganesii oxidum, 100 

sulphas, 100, 144 
Manna, 100 
Maranta, 100, 147 
Marigold, 57 
Marjoram, 107 
Marrubium, 100 
Marshmallow, 43 
Marsh parsley, 124 

rosemary, 129 
Masterwort, 86, 92 
Mastiche, 100 
Materia medica, 139 
Matias, 99 
Matico, 100 
Matricaria, 100 
May apple, 111 
Mayweed, 69 
Meadow anemone, 46 

saffron, 66 
Medicated waters, 49, 155 

wines, 161 
Mel, 100 

despumatum, 101 

rosae, 101 

sodae boratis, 101 
Melia azedarach, 53 
Melissa, 101 
Menispermum, 101 
Mentha piperita, 101 

viridis, 102 
Menyanthes, 102 
Mercury, 13, 146 

with chalk, 90 

with magnesia, 90 
Mesenna, 102 
Metallic elements, 143 
Mezereon bark, 102 
Mezereum, 102 



228 



INDEX. 



Mikania, 84 
Milfoil, 33 
Mineral acids, 139 
Mistura amraoniaci, 163 

amygdalae, 163 

assafoetida, 163 

chloroformi, 163 

creasoti, 163 

cretse, 163 

ferri composita, 164 

glycyrrhizee composita, 164 

potassse citratis, 164 
Misturee, 102 
Mitchella repens, 102 
Modes of death, 213 
Momordica balsamina, 102 
Monarda, 102 
Monesia, 103 
Monsel's solution, 158 
Moonseed, 101 
Morphia, 103 
Morphias acetas, 103 

murias, 103 

sulphas, 103 
Moschus, 103 
Motherwort, 96 
Mountain laurel, 95 
Mucilages, 103 
Mucilaginous medicines, 147 
Mucilago acacise, 30, 103 

tragacanthse, 103 
Mucuna, 104 
Mullein, 136 
Murias ammonias, 45 
Muriate of morphia, 103 

quinine, 117 
Musk, 103 

artificial, 104 
Mustard seed, 125 
Myrica cerifera, 104 
Myristica, 104 

Myrospermum peruiferum, 53 
Myrrha, 104 

TVT APHTHA, 104 
lN Navel-wort, 69 
Neck symptoms, 180 
Nectandra, 105 



Nervous system, 184 
Neutral crystalline principles, 
152 

mixture, 164 

organic principles, 152 
New Jersey tea, 62 
Night-blooming cereus, 56 
Nitrate of lead, 111, 145 

potassa, 114 

silver, 21, 25, 50, 145 
Nitric acid, 36 

Nitro-muriatic acid, 17, 26, 28, 37 
Non-metallic elements, 143 
Nutmegs, 104 
Nux vomica, 105 

OAK, 117 
Oatmeal, 53 
gruel, 53 
Oil of yellow saunders, 122 
Oils, 105, 147 
Ointments, 134, 175 
Okra, 86 
Olea, 105, 149 
Oleoresina capsici, 151 

cubeboe, 151 

filicis, 151 

lupulinse, 151 

piperis, 151 

zingiberis, 151 
Oleo-resins, 151 
Oleum amygdalae dulcis, 149 

anisi, 150 

anthemidis, 149 

bergamii, 149 

bubulum, 149 

cajeputi, 149 

camphorse, 149 

carni, 150 

caryophylli, 150 

chenopodii, 150 

cinnamomi, 150 

copaibas, 150 

coriandri, 150 

cubeba, 150 

erigantis canadensis, 150 

fceniculi, 150 

gaultherise, 150 



IXDEX. 



229 



Oleuui hedeoinse, 150 

juniperi, 150 

lavandulae, 150 

liruonis, 150 

lini, 150 

menthae piperita?, 150 

nienthae viridis, 150 

rnonardse, 150 

niorrhuae, 150 

myristicae, 150 

olivae, 150 

origani, 150 

pimentae, 151 

ricini, 150 

rosae, 150 

rosniarini, 151 

rutae, 151 

sabinas, 151 

sassafras, 151 

succini, 150 

succini rect., 151 

tabaci, 151 

terebinthinae, 150 

theobroruae, 150 

thyrui, 150 

tiglii, 150 

Valerianae, 151 
Olive oil, 150 
Onion, 105 
Opium, 11, 105 

confection, 168 

preparations of, 106, 162 
Orange-peel, 53 
Orchis, 120 
Organic products, 147 
Origanum, 107 
Orobanche Virginiana, 107 
Orris, 94 

Ovarian diseases, 22 
Oxalate of cerium, 63 

iron, 107 
Oxalic acid, 107 
Oxalis acetosella, 107 
Ox gall, 76, 148 
Oxide of manganese, 100 

silver, 51 

zinci, 138, 



Oxvmel scillae, 134 
Oyster shells, 132 

P^EONIA OFFICINALIS, 107 
Pain as symptom, 189 ■ 

Palm oil, 66 
Panax, 108 
Papaver. 108 
Paralysis, 20 
Pareira, 108 
Parsley root, 108 
Parthenium integrifolium, 108 
Partridge berry, 82, 102 
PatholoaT and therapeutics, 197 
Paullinia, 108 
Pearlash, 113 
Pellitory, 116 
Pennyroyal, 85 
Peony, 107 
Pepo, 108 
Peppermint, 101 
Pepsin, 18, 118 
Percussion of chest, 189 
Permanganate of potassa, 114 
Persimmon, 73 
Perspiration. 195 
Peruvian balsam, 53 

bark, Qo 
Perverted secretion, 204 

sensibility, 198 

voluntary motion, 199 
Pessaries, medicated, 108 
Petroleum, 104 
Petroselinum, 108 
Pharmaceutical preparations,155 
Phenic acid, 34 
Phenol, 34 

Phosphas sodae, 108, 126 
Phosphate of ammonia, 45 

iron, 78 

lime, 16, 57, 142 

mano-anese, 99 

soda," 108. 126 
Phosphorus, 14, 109 
Physiognomical rugae, 180 
Physiological symptoms, 184 
Physostigmatis, 109 



230 



INDEX. 



Phytolacca, 109 
Picric acid, 34 
Pilewort, 123 
Pills, 170 
Pilulae aloes, 171 

aloes et assafcetidae, 171 

aloes et ferri, 171 

aloes et mastic, 171 

aloes et myrrhae, 171 

antimonii comp., 171 

assafoetida3, 171 

cambogiae comp., 171 

catharticae compositae, 171 

copaibas, 171 

ferri carbonatis, 171 

ferri compositae, 172 

ferri iodidi, 172 

galbani compositae, 172 

hydrargyri, 172 

opii, 172 

quiniae sulphatis, 172 

rhei, 172 

rhei compositae, 172 

saponis compositae, 172 

scillae comp., 172 
Pimenta, 109 
Pink root, 128 
Piper longum, 109 

nigrum, 109 
Pipsissewa, 64, 102 
Pitch, 110 
Pix, 110 

Burgundica, 110 

Canadensis, 110 

liquida, 110 
Plantago major, 110 
Plantain, 110 
Plasters, 74, 177 
Platinum, 110 
Pleurisy, root, 52 
Plumbi acetas, 110, 145 

carbonas, 111, 145 

iodidum, 111, 145 

nitras, 111, 145 

oxidum, 111, 145 
Plummer's pill, 171 
Podophyllin, 111 
Podophyllum peltatum, 111 



Poison-oak, 133 
Poisonous serpents, 15 
Poisons and antidotes, 11 
Poke root, 109 
Polygala rubella, 111 
Polygonum punctatum, 111 
Pomegranate, 84 
Populus tremuloides, 112 
Potash, 140 
Potassa, 112, 140 

cum calce, 112, 140 
Potassae acetas, 112, 140 

bicarbonas, 112, 140 

bichromas, 112 

bitartras, 112, 141 

carbonas, 113, 140 

chloras, 113, 140 

citras, 113, 140 

et sodae tartras, 113 

nitras, 114, 141 

permanganas, 114 

sulphas, 114, 141 

tartras, 114, 141 
Potassii bromidum, 115, 143 

cyanidum, 115 

ferrocyanidum, 115 

iodidum, 115, 143 

sulphuretum, 115 
Potassio-tartrate of antimony, 47 

iron, 77 
Potato fly, 59 
Powder of iron, 79 
Powders, 169 
Prairie dock, 108 
Prenanthes, 116 
Preparations of earths, 141 

opium, 106, 162 
Prepared calamine, 57 

chalk, 70 

honey, 101 
Prickly ash, 49, 137 

poppy, 49 
Primary elements of disease, 197 
Prince's feather, 44 
Prinos, 116 
Properties of muscular fibre, 197 

nerves, 198 

secretion, 201 



INDEX. 



231 



Proportion of doses, 7 

Propylamia, 116 

Prostration, 11 

Protein and similar principles, 

148 
Protiodide of mercury, 88 
Prunes, 116 
Prunum, 116 
Prunus Virginian a, 116 
Prussian blue, 77 
Prussic acid, 35 
Pulse, 192 
Pulveres aperientes, 170 

effervescentes, 170 
Pulvis aloes cum canella, 170 

antimonialis, 146 

aromaticus, 170 

ipecacuanhse comp., 170 

jalapse compositus, 170 

rhei compositus, 170 
Pumpkin seeds, 108 
Purple willow-herb, 98 
Purpura, 18 
Pyaemia, 17 
Pyrethrum, 116 

parthenium, 117 
Pyrophosphate of iron, 78 

aUASSIA, 117 
Queen's root, 129 
Quercus, 117 
Quevenne's iron, 79 
Quince, 72 
Quinise rnurias, 117 
sulphas, 117 
valerianas, 117 

RAG WEED, 44 
Raisins, 134 
Ranunculus, 118 
Rattlesnake-weed, 86 
Red-berried trailing whortleber- 
ry, 134 
Red cedar, 95 
clover, 133 

iodide of mercury, 89 
oxide of mercury, 89 
particles of the blood, 205 



Red precipitate, 89 

saunders wood, 122 
Reflex action, 199 

or excito-motory system, 185 
Rennet, 11.8 
Resina, 118 
Resiuse jalapse, 165 

podophylli, 165 

scammonii, 165 
Resins, 151 
Respiration, 186 
Respiratory changes in blood, 

208 
Rhamni, 118 
Rhatany, 96 
Rheum, 118 
Rhigolene, 118 
Rhubarb, 118 

wine, 161 
Rhus glabrum, 118 
Rochelle salt, 113 
Root of madder, 119 
Rosa, 118 
Rose honey, 101 
Rosemary, 118 
Rose petals, 118 
Rosmarinus, 118 
Rottlera, 119 
Rubia, 119 

Rubus trivialis villosus, 119 
Rue, 119 

Rules to proportion the doses, 7 
Rumex, 119 
Ruta, 119 

QABADILLA, 120 

O Sabbatia, 120 

Sabina, 120 

Saccharine medicines, 147 

Saccharum, 120, 148 

lactis, 120 
Saffron, 70 
Sagapenum, 120 
Sage, 121 
Sago, 120, 147 
Salseratus, 140 
Sal ammoniac, 45 

prunelle, 141 



232 



INDEX. 



Salep, 120 
Salicina, 120 
Salix cortex, 121 
Salt of tartar, 113 
Salvia, 121 
Sambucus, 121 
Sanguinaria, 121 
Santalum, 122 
Santonin, 122 
Sapo, 122 
Saponaria, 122 
Sarraeenia, 122 
Sarsaparilla, 122 
Sassafras, 122 
Savine cerate, 176 

leaves, 120 
Scammonium, 123 
Seammony, 123 
Scarlet pimpernel, 46 
Scillas, 123 
Scoparius, 123 
Scouring rush, 74 
Scrophularia nodosa, 123 
Scullcap, 123 
Scurvy, 18 

grass, 66 
Scutellaria laterifolia, 123 
Secondary elements of disease, 

209 
Seidlitz powders, 170 
Selinum palustre, 124 
Senecio aurens, 124 
Senega, 124 
Sennas folia, 124 
Senna leaves, 124 
Sensation, 184, 201 
Sensibility, 198 
Serpentarias radix, 124 
Serpents, poisonous, 15 
Sesamum, 125 

Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 45 
Sesquichloride of iron, 77 
Sevum, 125 
Sex, 7 

Silk-weed, 52 
Silver, 13, 145 
Simaruba, 125 
Sinapis, 125 



Skunk cabbage, 73 
Snake root, 124 
Soap, 122 

cerate, 177 
Soapwort, 122 
Sodas acetas, 125, 140 

bicarbonas, 126, 140 

boras, 126, 140 

carbonas, 126, 140 

carbonas exsiccata, 126, 140 

et potassse tartras, 113, 141 

hypos ulphis, 126 

phosphas, 126, 140 

sorrel-tree, 46 

sulphas, 127, 140 

sulphis, 127 

valerianas, 127, 140 
Sodii chloridum, 127, 140 
Solidago, 127 
Solomon's seal, 68 
Solution of acetate of zinc, 157 

ammonia, 49 
Sow-bread, 72 
Spearmint, 102 
Spermaceti, 63 
Spice bush, 54 
Spider's web, 66 
Spigelia, 128 
Spiraea, 128 
Spirit of Mindererus, 141, 157 

nitric ether, 158 
Spirits or essences, 168 
Spiritus astheris compositus, 148, 
169 

astheris nitrosi, 148, 169 

ammonias, 141, 169 

ammonias aromaticus, 141, 
169 

anisi, 169 

camphoras, 169 

chloroformi, 168 

cinnamomi, 168 

juniperi compositus, 168 

lavandulas, 168 

lavandulas compositus, 169 

limonis, 169 

menthas piperitas, 169 

menthas viridis, 169 



INDEX. 



233 



Spiritus myrciae, 169 

niyristicae, 169 

pyroxylicus, 41, 147 

tenuior. 41 

villi gallici, 128 
Spongia, 128 
Spongiae ustae, 128 
Spunk, 40 
Spurge, 76 
Spurred rye, 74 
Squill, 123 
Stanni pulvis, 128 
Starch, 46 
Star-grass, 42 
Starwort, 86 
Statice, 129 
Stillingia, 129 
Stillingin, 165 
St. Job us wort, 91 
Stomach diseases, 28 
Storax, 129 
Storksbill, 75 
StraTnouiuna, 129 
Striped maple, 31 
Structural disease, 213 
Strychnia, 129 
Strychniae sulphas, 129 
Strychnos ignatia, 129 

lux vomica, 129 
Styrax, 129 
Subcarbonate of bismuth, 55 

iron, 78 
Sublimed sulphur, 130 
Subnitrate of bismuth, 55 
Succinum, 130 
Suet, 125 
Sugar, 120, 148 

of milk, 120 
Sulphate of atropia, 53 

alumina, 44 

bebeerin, 54 

cadmium, 57 

einchonia, 65 

copper, 71 

iron, 79 

magnesia, 98 

manganese, 100 

morphia, 103 



Sulphate of potassa, 114 

soda, 127 

zinc, 138 
Sulphite of soda, 127 
Sulphocarbolates, 131 
Sulphur, 130, 143 

praecipitatum, 130, 143 
Sulphuret of iron. 79 

mercury, 89 

potassium, 115 
Sulphuric acid, 37 

ether, 40 
Sulphuris iodidum, 130, 143 
Sulphurous acid, 38 
Sumach, 118 
Sunibul, 131 
Suppositoria acidi tannici, 178 

hydrargyri, 178 

morphise, 178 

plumbi compositae, 178 
Suppositories, 178 
Sweet birch, 55 

fern, 67 

flag, 51 

spirits of nitre, 169 
Symphytum, 131 
Symptomatology, 179 

physiological, 182 

topographical, 179 
Syrup of blackberry root, 167 
Syrups, 167 
Syrupus acaciae, 167 

acidi citrici, 167 

allii, 167 

amygdalae, 167 

aurantii, 167 

ferri iodidi, 167 

ferri phosphatis comp., 142 

ipecacuanhas, 167 

krameriae, 167 

lactucarii, 167 

limonis, 167 

manganesii iodidi, 144 

papaveris, 167 

pruni Yirginianae, 167 

rhei, 167 

rhei aroinaticus, 167 

rosae gallica. 167 



234 



INDEX. 



Syrupus rubi, 167 

sarsaparillae compositus, 167 

senegae, 167 

scillse, 167 

scillae compositus, 167 

tolutanus, 167 

zingiberis, 167 

TABACUM, 131 
Tag alder, 42 
Tamarindus, 131 
Tamarind whey, 132 
Tanacetum, 132 
Tannic acid, 38 
Tannin, 38 
Tansy, 132 
Tapioca, 132, 147 
Tar, 110 

Taraxacum, 132 
Tartar emetic, 47 
Tartaric acid, 39 
Tartrate of iron and ammoni- 
um, 77 

iron and potassa, 77, 114 
Temperament, 8 
Terebinthina, 132 
Teriodide of formyle, 93 
Testae, 132 

Thick-leaved pennywort, 91 
Thorn apple, 129 
Thoroughwort, 76 
Throat symptoms, 182 
Thrombosis, 18 
Tin, 14, 128 
Tinctura aconiti folii, 159 

aconiti radicis, 159 

aloes, 159 

aloes et niyrrhae, 159 

arnicae, 159 

assafcetidae, 159 

belladonnae, 159 

benzoini compositae, 159 

calumbae, 159 

cannabis, 159 

cantharidis, 159 

capsici, 159 

cardamomi, 159 

cardamomi composita, 159 



Tinctura castorei, 159 

catechu, 159 

cinchonae, 159 

cinchonae composita, 159 

cinnamomi, 159 

colchici, 159 

conii, 159 

cubebae, 159 

digitalis, 159 

ferri chloridi, 144, 160 

gallae, 160 

gentianae compositae, 160 

guaiaci, 160 

guaiaci ammoniata, 160 

hellebori, 160 

humuli, 160 

hyoscyami, 160 

iodinii, 160 

iodinii composita, 160 

jalapae, 160 

kino, 160 

krameriae, 160 

lobeliae, 160 

lupulinae, 160 

myrrhae, 160 

nucis vomicae, 160 

opii, 160 

opii acetata, 160, 162 

opii ammoniata, 160 

opii camphorata, 160, 162 

opii deodorata, 160 

quassiae, 160 

rhei, 160 

rhei et aloes, 160 

rhei et gentianae, 160 

rhei et sennae, 160 

sanguinariae, 160 

scillse, 160 

serpentariae, 160 

stramonii, 160 

tolutana, 160 

Valerianae, 160 

Valerianae ammoniata, 160 

veratri viridis, 160 

zingiberis, 161 
Tinctures, 158 
Toad flax, 48 
Tobacco, 131 



INDEX. 



235 



Tolu balsam, 54 

Tonicity, 197 

Toothache tree, 49 

Tormentilla, 133 

Touch-me-not, 92 

Touchwood, 40 

Toxaemia, 17 

Toxicodendron, 133 

Tragacautha, 133, 148 

Trailing arbutus, 74 

Trifolium, 133 

Trillium, 133 

Triosteum, 133 

Troches, 167 

Trochisci acidi tannici, 167 
bicarbonatis sodae, 168 
bismuthi, 167 
catechu, 168 
cretae, 168 
cubebae, 168 
ferri subcarb., 168 
glyeyrrhizae et opii, 168 
ipecacuanhas, 168 
magnesiae, 168 
menthae piperita?, 168 
potassae chloratis, 168 
zingiberis, 168 

Tulip-tree bark, 97 

Turkey corn, 69 

Turmeric, 72 

Turner's cerate, 176 

Turpentine, 132 

Turpeth mineral, 89 

Tussilago, 134 

Twin-leaf, 95 

ULMI CORTEX, 134 
Ulmus, 134 
fulva, 134 
Unguenta, 134, 175 
Unguentum antimonii, 176 
aquae rosae, 175 ; 
belladonnae, 176 
benzoini, 177 
cadmii iodidi, 177 
cantharidis, 177 
creasoti, 177 
cupri subacetis, 176 



Unguentum gailae, 175 

hydrargyri, 176 

hydrargyri amnion., 176 

hydrargyri iodidi rubi, 176 

hydrargyri nitratis, 177 

iodinii, 176 

iodimi compositum, 176 

mezerei, 177 

plumbi carbonatis, 176 

plumbi iodidi, 177 

potassii iodidi, 176 

simplex, 175 

stramonii, 176 

sulphuris, 176 

sulphuris compositum, 176 

tabaci, 177 

veratri alb., 175 

zinci oxidi, 176, 177 
Upas antiar, 72 
Upright virgin' s-bower, 66 
Urinary secretion, 194 
Uterine diseases, 21 
Uva passa, 134 

ursi, 134 

TTALERIANA, 13S 
V Valerian root, 135 
Valerianate of ammonia, 45 

bismuth, 55 

iron, 135 

quiniae, 117 

soda, 127 

zinc, 138 
Valerianic acid, 39 
Vanilla, 135 
Vegetable acids, 153 

alkaloids, 154 
Venereal diseases, 28 
Veratria, 135 
Veratrum album, 135 

viride, 136 
Verbascum thapsus, 136 
Verbena officinalis, 136 
Vervain, 136 
Viburnum, 136 
Vienna caustic, 112 
Vina medicata, 136 
Vinegar, 31, 161 



236 



INDEX, 



Vinegar of bloodroot, 32 

of cantharides, 31, 161 

of lobelia, 32 

of meadow saffron, 32 

of opium, 32, 161 

of squill, 33, 161 

whey, 31 
Vinum aloes, 161 

antimonii, 161, 146 

colchici radicis, 161 

colchici sem., 161 

ergotse, 161 

ipecacuanhse, 161 

opii, 161 

rhei, 161 

tabaci, 161 

xericum, 136 
Viola, 137 
Violet, 137 
Virginia creeper, 46 
Volatile or essential oils, 149 
Volume of body, 180 
Voluntary motion, 185, 199 

WAHOO, 76 
Water avens, 82 
hemlock, 64 
pepper, 111 
plantain, 42 
starwort, 57 
Watermelon, 71 
Wax, 62 

myrtle, 104 
Weights and measures, 5 
White hellebore, 135 
horehound, 100 
poppy, 108 
precipitate, 89 
wine, 136 
Wild chamomile, 69 
cherry bark, 116 



Wild cucumber, 74 

ginger, 52 

indigo, 54 

potato, 68 

senna, 83 

yam, 73 
Willow bark, 121 
Willow-herb, 74 
Wine of aloes, 161 

ergot, 161 

ipecac, 161 

opium, 161 
Wintera, 137 
Winter's bark, 99, 137 
Witch hazel, 85 
Wood naphtha, 41, 147 

sorrel, 107 
Woody nightshade, 74 
Wormseed, 63 
Wormwood, 30 

XANTHORRHIZA, 137 
Xanthoxylum, 137 

YARROW, 33 
Yeast, 76 
Yellow jasmine, 82 
root, 90, 137 
wax and white, 162 

ZINC, 14, 145 
Zinci acetas, 137, 145 
carbonas prsecipitatus, 137, 

145 
chloridum, 137, 145 
cyanuretum, 145 
iodidum, 137 
oxidum, 138, 145 
sulphas, 138, 145 
valerianas, 138, 145 
Zingiber, 138 



THE END. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




00QEbl03AT7 



